Mental Health

A nationally representative survey of the impact of discrimination towards people with mental health problems: SANE's 2025 National Stigma Report Card.

TL;DR

Discrimination in social life, family, and friendships was most common among Australians with mental health problems, but the highest burden was from discrimination in finding or keeping a job, in dating/intimate relationships, in housing, and in obtaining welfare benefits or disability pensions.

Key Findings

Discrimination in social life was the most commonly reported domain of discrimination among Australians with mental health problems.

  • 43.6% (95% CI 41.2, 45.9) reported discrimination in social life in the past 12 months
  • Discrimination from family was the second most common at 41.4% (95% CI 39.1, 43.7)
  • Discrimination in making or keeping friends was third at 41.0% (95% CI 38.7, 43.3)
  • Survey was conducted in 2024 among 2613 respondents who reported a mental health problem or scored high on the Kessler 6 measure of psychological distress

The highest burden of discrimination (combining frequency and impact) was experienced in finding or keeping a job, dating/intimate relationships, housing, and obtaining welfare benefits or disability pensions.

  • A burden score was calculated for each domain incorporating both frequency and impact among those who reported discrimination experiences
  • Despite social life, family, and friends being the most frequently reported domains, workplace and financial/housing domains carried the greatest combined burden
  • Housing discrimination included experiences related to renting or public housing
  • The distinction between frequency and burden highlights that less frequent discrimination can have disproportionately high impact

The most common type of discrimination experience in workplaces and among friends, family, and partners was people lacking understanding of the impact of the person's mental health problem.

  • This finding applied across both professional settings (workplace) and personal settings (friends, family, and partners)
  • The pattern suggests that knowledge and empathy gaps are a primary driver of discriminatory experiences across multiple life domains
  • This finding informed the recommendation to improve capacity of people in workplaces and intimate relationships to better understand the impacts of mental health problems

People aged 35–64 years were more likely than those aged 18–34 years to report higher burden across multiple domains of discrimination.

  • Age was one of the key sociodemographic characteristics associated with differential burden
  • The finding suggests mid-life adults with mental health problems may face compounded discrimination across life domains such as employment, housing, and relationships
  • Sociodemographic and mental health problem characteristics were examined as secondary aims of the study

People with depression or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) reported discrimination burden in more domains than people with anxiety or severe mental health conditions.

  • Type of mental health condition was associated with the breadth of discrimination burden across domains
  • People with depression or ADHD reported burden across more life domains compared to those with anxiety or severe mental health conditions
  • This finding was part of the secondary analysis examining mental health problem characteristics associated with higher burden

A large majority of respondents agreed that stigma and discrimination was worse than the mental health problem itself.

  • 67.7% (95% CI 65.5, 69.9) agreed that stigma and discrimination was worse than their mental health problem
  • This finding was based on responses from the 2613 survey participants who reported a mental health problem or scored high on the Kessler 6
  • The result underscores the substantial subjective burden that discrimination places on people with mental health problems beyond the conditions themselves

The study used a nationally representative, probability-based online panel to survey 6032 members of the general Australian community.

  • The survey was conducted by The Social Research Centre using their Life in Australia™ probability-based panel
  • Participants were aged 18 years and over
  • Of 6032 total respondents, 2613 reported a mental health problem or scored high on the Kessler 6 measure of psychological distress and were asked about discrimination experiences
  • Data were analysed using percent frequencies and 95% confidence intervals, with burden scores calculated per domain

What This Means

This research surveyed over 6,000 Australians in 2024, focusing on roughly 2,600 people who reported having a mental health problem or significant psychological distress. It asked them about their experiences of discrimination over the past year across many areas of life — including family, friendships, workplaces, housing, and healthcare. The most commonly reported areas of discrimination were social life, family, and friendships, but when both how often discrimination occurred and how much it affected people were combined into a 'burden score,' the greatest harm came from discrimination in finding or keeping a job, in romantic relationships, in housing, and in accessing welfare or disability benefits. The most common form of discrimination across settings was other people simply not understanding how much someone's mental health problem affected them. The study also found that people aged 35–64 experienced higher burden across more areas of life than younger adults, and that people with depression or ADHD faced discrimination across more domains than those with anxiety or severe mental health conditions. Strikingly, nearly 68% of respondents said that stigma and discrimination was worse than their mental health problem itself — a finding that highlights how profoundly social attitudes and treatment can compound the difficulties of living with a mental health condition. This research suggests that policy and practice efforts to reduce mental health stigma should prioritize workplaces, welfare and housing systems, and intimate relationships. Simply educating people — whether employers, landlords, family members, or partners — about the real impact of mental health problems on daily functioning could meaningfully reduce the harm experienced. The findings provide a roadmap for where targeted anti-stigma interventions are most urgently needed in Australia.

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Citation

Reavley N, Ross A, McNaught G, Green R, Morgan A. (2026). A nationally representative survey of the impact of discrimination towards people with mental health problems: SANE's 2025 National Stigma Report Card.. Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796026100456