A validation for sex differences in gut microbiome of essential hypertension based on cohort analysis.

A statistically significant difference in β-diversity of gut microbiome was confirmed between hypertensive patients and healthy controls.

• The study leveraged a metagenomic dataset comprising 106 fecal samples from a Chinese cohort of individuals with essential hypertension
• β-diversity analysis was used to compare gut microbiome composition between hypertensive patients and healthy controls
• The difference in β-diversity was described as 'statistically significant'

Significant differences in the distribution of gut flora were observed exclusively in female hypertensive patients when subjects were stratified by sex, with no significant differences noted between groups in males.

• Subjects were stratified by sex and compared against healthy control groups
• Female hypertensive patients showed significant differences in gut flora distribution compared to healthy female controls
• Male hypertensive patients showed no statistically significant differences in gut flora distribution compared to healthy male controls
• This finding suggests sex-based heterogeneity in gut bacteria among hypertensive patients

The relative abundance of Lachnospira, Faecalibacterium, and Roseburia was significantly diminished in female hypertensive patients.

• These bacterial genera exhibit negative correlations with blood pressure
• All three genera are primarily involved in the biosynthesis of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), with a notable emphasis on butyrate production
• The depletion of these genera was specifically observed in female hypertensive patients
• The authors suggest this abnormality in SCFA-producing flora may be related to women being more likely to develop hypertensive organ damage

Ruminococcus gnavus was specifically enriched in hypertensive males, whereas Lactobacillus was notably depleted in males.

• Ruminococcus gnavus enrichment was identified as a sex-specific finding in male hypertensive patients
• Lactobacillus depletion was also noted in male hypertensive patients
• These findings represent sex-specific microbial alterations distinct from those observed in females
• The study identified different patterns of gut microbiome dysbiosis between male and female hypertensive patients

Gut microbiome dysbiosis is more significantly associated with hypertension in females than in males.

• The overall pattern of results indicated stronger associations between GM dysbiosis and HTN in female patients
• The authors conclude that 'sex constitutes a critical factor in evaluating the role of intestinal flora in the pathogenesis of HTN'
• The abnormality of SCFA-producing flora in female hypertensive patients may be related to women's higher likelihood of developing hypertensive organ damage
• The study used a metagenomic dataset of 106 fecal samples from a Chinese cohort for systematic analysis