Mental Health

Academic Well-Being Among STEM University Students Living Away from Home: A Mixed-Methods Study.

TL;DR

Institutional and pedagogical experiences are systematically associated with student well-being among relocated STEM students, highlighting modifiable targets for university-level mental health promotion strategies.

Key Findings

Organizational and learning-related difficulties were the most frequently reported categories in relocated STEM students' open-ended academic narratives.

  • Study conducted at an Italian STEM university during May-June 2024
  • Online survey distributed to entire accessible student population with 33,336 invitations sent
  • 12,538 accesses were recorded with a response rate of 37.6%
  • Analyses focused on relocated students who completed all relevant sections (N = 776; mean age = 22.96)
  • Open-ended responses underwent thematic analysis with a codebook approach and were transformed into category count variables

Teaching-related narratives were associated with higher burnout and lower engagement and satisfaction among relocated STEM students.

  • Burnout was measured across two dimensions: Emotional Exhaustion and Cynicism
  • Engagement was measured across two dimensions: Vigor and Dedication
  • Teaching-related narrative content showed systematic negative associations with student well-being outcomes
  • Hierarchical regression models were used, controlling for age, gender, and academic level

Positive narratives were associated with lower burnout and higher engagement and satisfaction among relocated STEM students.

  • Positive narrative categories showed the opposite pattern compared to teaching-related difficulties
  • This pattern held across multiple well-being outcomes including academic self-efficacy, engagement, burnout, satisfaction, and perceived goal attainment
  • Findings suggest that positively framed academic experiences are linked to better psychological and academic functioning

Narrative content categories explained statistically meaningful additional variance across all academic well-being outcomes beyond demographic controls.

  • Content categories explained additional variance across outcomes with ΔR² ranging from 0.054 to 0.107
  • Hierarchical regression models controlled for age, gender, and academic level in earlier steps
  • Outcomes assessed included academic self-efficacy, emotional exhaustion, cynicism, vigor, dedication, study program satisfaction, and perceived academic goal attainment

The study used a cross-sectional convergent parallel mixed-methods design integrating quantitative measures with qualitative thematic analysis of open-ended responses.

  • Quantitative measures assessed academic self-efficacy, burnout (Emotional Exhaustion; Cynicism), engagement (Vigor; Dedication), study program satisfaction, and perceived academic goal attainment
  • Open-ended narrative responses were analyzed with a codebook thematic approach
  • Qualitative categories were transformed into count variables for integration into hierarchical regression models
  • The study specifically targeted relocated students, including international students, who may face additional stressors related to relocation, social integration, and adaptation

University students' mental health, particularly in high-demand STEM contexts, was framed as an increasing public health concern, with relocated students facing additional stressors.

  • Identified stressors specific to relocated students include relocation, social integration, and adaptation challenges
  • STEM contexts were characterized as having high academic demands
  • International students were included as a subgroup within the broader relocated student population
  • The study positioned institutional and pedagogical experiences as modifiable targets for university-level mental health promotion

What This Means

This research examined how university students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) programs who have moved away from home describe their academic experiences, and whether those descriptions are linked to their mental health and academic performance. The study surveyed nearly 800 relocated students at an Italian STEM university, asking them both structured questions about burnout, motivation, and satisfaction, and open-ended questions about their academic experiences. Researchers then analyzed the written responses for common themes and tested whether those themes predicted student well-being. The study found that students most commonly wrote about organizational challenges and difficulties with learning. Importantly, when students' narratives focused on teaching-related problems, they tended to report higher burnout and lower engagement and satisfaction. In contrast, students who wrote about positive academic experiences reported better outcomes across the board. These narrative categories explained a meaningful additional portion of variation in student well-being (between 5% and 11% additional variance) even after accounting for age, gender, and year of study. This research suggests that the way students experience and talk about their academic environment — particularly their interactions with teaching and institutional structures — is meaningfully connected to their psychological well-being and academic functioning. Because teaching quality and institutional organization are things universities can actually change, the findings point to concrete, actionable areas where universities could intervene to support the mental health of students who have relocated to attend school, a group that may already face heightened stress from being away from their home support networks.

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Citation

Loera B, Graziano F, Molinengo G, Converso D, Bacci G. (2026). Academic Well-Being Among STEM University Students Living Away from Home: A Mixed-Methods Study.. International journal of environmental research and public health. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph23050608