Adipokines and adiposity indices as predictors of glycemic status, insulin resistance, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in apparently healthy adults.

Fatty liver (metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease) was present in over 30% of apparently healthy adults.

• Study population consisted of 65 apparently healthy adults who provided written informed consent
• Fatty liver was detected using abdominal ultrasound
• Participants were described as 'seemingly healthy adults,' making this prevalence rate notable
• The study used an observational cross-sectional design

The young group had significantly higher waist-to-height and VAT/SAT ratios compared to the middle-aged group.

• Participants were divided into two age groups: young (35%) with a mean age of 33.45 years, and middle-aged (65%) with a mean age of 50.19 years
• The young group comprised approximately 23 of the 65 participants and the middle-aged group approximately 42
• Waist-to-height ratio and VAT/SAT ratio were both significantly higher in the younger group
• Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were measured via abdominal ultrasound

In the middle-aged group, VAT, SAT, and waist-to-height ratio were significant independent predictors of HbA1c.

• Multiple linear regression was used to identify independent predictors
• VAT/SAT ratio and waist-to-height ratio were described as 'key predictors of HbA1c' in the middle-aged group
• A P-value of .05 was considered significant throughout the analysis
• These associations were found in the middle-aged group (mean age 50.19 years) but not confirmed as predictors in the young group

VAT was the sole significant independent predictor of HOMA-IR (insulin resistance) in the middle-aged group.

• Multiple linear regression identified VAT as 'the most significant independent predictor of insulin resistance' among all measured parameters in the middle-aged group
• HOMA-IR was used as the measure of insulin resistance
• Fasting glucose and insulin levels were collected following an overnight fast
• No other adiposity index or adipokine independently predicted HOMA-IR in this group

Age and waist-to-height ratio were the only significant independent predictors of fatty liver in the study population.

• Multiple linear regression identified age and waist-to-height ratio as 'the primary predictors of fatty liver'
• Fatty liver was assessed using abdominal ultrasound
• These two variables predicted fatty liver status across the study population
• Neither adipokines nor other adiposity indices (BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, fat percentage, VAT, SAT) independently predicted fatty liver

Adiponectin and leptin had no correlation with insulin resistance or the presence of fatty liver.

• Serum adiponectin and leptin were measured in all 65 participants following an overnight fast
• Neither adipokine correlated with HOMA-IR or fatty liver presence
• In the young group, age and leptin were significantly correlated with HbA1c but did not predict it in regression analysis
• The finding contradicts the premise that abnormal serum adipokines are linked to insulin resistance and fatty liver in apparently healthy adults

Anthropometric and imaging measures of fat distribution were collected alongside adipokines and glycemic markers to comprehensively assess metabolic risk.

• Measurements included BMI, waist-to-height ratio, waist-to-hip ratio, and fat percentage as obesity indices
• Visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were assessed via abdominal ultrasound
• Blood samples collected for adiponectin, leptin, fasting glucose, insulin, and HbA1c following overnight fast
• Authors note 'no study has yet evaluated all these parameters together' in apparently healthy adults
• Detailed questionnaires were also administered to all participants