Assessment of subclinical myocardial dysfunction and osteogenic biomarkers in normoglycemic individuals with familial predisposition to type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Normoglycemic first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients showed significantly lower left ventricular strain values across all assessed views compared to controls.

• Strain parameters assessed included short-axis basal, mid, and apical views as well as apical four-chamber (A4C), two-chamber (A2C), and three-chamber (A3C) views
• Left Ventricular Speckle-tracking echocardiography (LV-STE) was used to assess global longitudinal and circumferential strain
• All participants were normoglycemic, indicating subclinical dysfunction prior to overt disease
• The study group comprised 80 individuals with at least one first-degree relative diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus, compared to 80 controls without such family history

Serum osteocalcin levels were significantly lower in normoglycemic first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients compared to controls.

• Osteocalcin levels were measured by ELISA
• Osteocalcin was weakly negatively correlated with fasting plasma glucose level
• Osteoprotegerin and osteopontin were also measured but did not show the same pattern of significant reduction
• No significant associations were found between osteocalcin levels and myocardial strain parameters

Osteoprotegerin was positively correlated with LDL cholesterol in the study population.

• Osteoprotegerin levels were measured by ELISA in all 160 participants
• The correlation was identified between serum osteoprotegerin and LDL-C levels
• No significant associations were found between osteoprotegerin and myocardial strain parameters
• This finding suggests a potential link between osteoprotegerin and lipid-related cardiometabolic risk

No significant associations were found between myocardial strain parameters and osteogenic biomarkers in normoglycemic first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

• Biomarkers assessed included osteocalcin, osteopontin, and osteoprotegerin
• Strain parameters assessed included global longitudinal and circumferential strain from multiple views
• Despite both strain impairment and osteocalcin reduction being independently observed, they did not correlate with each other
• This suggests that subclinical myocardial dysfunction and altered osteogenic biomarker profiles may represent parallel but independent early abnormalities

The study enrolled 160 normoglycemic participants to evaluate subclinical myocardial and metabolic abnormalities in individuals with familial predisposition to type 2 diabetes mellitus.

• 80 individuals had at least one first-degree relative diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (study group)
• 80 individuals without a family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus served as controls
• All participants were normoglycemic at the time of enrollment
• Serum osteocalcin, osteopontin, and osteoprotegerin levels were measured by ELISA, and LV-STE was performed in all participants