[Association between lifestyle and life expectancy in adults in Henan Province].

Non-smoking was associated with longer life expectancy compared to smoking in men.

• Among men, non-smokers had a 1.1 years longer life expectancy than smokers (95%CI: 0.5-1.8 years).
• Analysis used the Royston-Parmar flexible parametric survival model with age at death as the time scale.
• Confounding variables were adjusted for in the analysis.
• Data were drawn from the Programme of Screening and Intervention Subjects with High-risk Cardiovascular Disease in Henan Province (2015-2022).

Non-drinking or light drinking was associated with substantially longer life expectancy compared to excessive drinking in men.

• Non-drinkers or light drinkers lived 2.2 years longer on average than excessive drinkers (95%CI: 1.4-3.0 years).
• This was the largest single lifestyle factor gain in life expectancy observed among men.
• The area under the curve method was utilized to estimate the association between lifestyle factors and life expectancy.

Sufficient physical activity was associated with longer life expectancy in both men and women.

• Among men, those with sufficient physical activity had a 1.5 years increase in life expectancy compared with those with insufficient physical activity (95%CI: 0.7-2.2 years).
• Among women, sufficient exercise was associated with a 1.5 years longer life expectancy than insufficient exercise (95%CI: 0.8-2.1 years).
• Physical activity was one of the lifestyle factors examined alongside smoking and alcohol consumption.

Accumulating more healthy lifestyle behaviors was associated with progressively greater gains in life expectancy for both men and women.

• Compared with individuals with 0-1 healthy lifestyles, men with 3-4 healthy lifestyles gained 3.9 years of life expectancy (95%CI: 2.6-5.1 years).
• Men with 2 healthy lifestyles gained 2.0 years compared to those with 0-1 healthy lifestyles (95%CI: 1.2-2.8 years).
• Women with 3-4 healthy lifestyles gained 2.1 years compared to those with 0-1 healthy lifestyles (95%CI: 1.0-3.3 years).
• Women with 2 healthy lifestyles gained 1.2 years compared to those with 0-1 healthy lifestyles (95%CI: 0.5-1.9 years).
• Life expectancy gains from multiple healthy behaviors were greater in men than in women at each level.

The study recorded 2,685 death events over a mean follow-up period of 4.8 years.

• Data were from the Programme of Screening and Intervention Subjects with High-risk Cardiovascular Disease in Henan Province from 2015 to 2022.
• The mean follow-up period was 4.8 years.
• Endpoint outcomes were obtained through the National Mortality Surveillance System of the China CDC.
• The Royston-Parmar flexible parametric survival model was implemented using age at death as the time scale.