Association between testosterone replacement therapy and cardiovascular outcomes: A meta-analysis of 30 randomized controlled trials.

The incidence of any cardiovascular disease events was comparable between TRT and placebo groups.

• OR 1.12 (95% CI: 0.77–1.62), P = 0.55
• Analysis based on 30 randomized controlled trials with 11,502 patients
• Mean age ranged from 61.61 to 61.82 years across trials
• Trials were identified through systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to September 30, 2023

Stroke incidence was not significantly different between TRT and placebo groups.

• OR 1.01 (95% CI: 0.68–1.51), P = 0.94
• Result was not statistically significant, indicating no increased stroke risk with TRT
• Included in pooled secondary outcomes analysis across 30 RCTs

Myocardial infarction rates were comparable between TRT and placebo groups.

• OR 1.05 (95% CI: 0.76–1.45), P = 0.77
• No statistically significant difference was detected
• Included as a secondary outcome in the pooled analysis

All-cause mortality was not significantly different between TRT and placebo groups.

• OR 0.94 (95% CI: 0.76–1.17), P = 0.57
• Point estimate was slightly below 1.0, suggesting a non-significant numerical trend toward lower mortality with TRT
• Result was not statistically significant

Cardiovascular disease mortality was comparable between TRT and placebo groups.

• OR 0.87 (95% CI: 0.65–1.15), P = 0.31
• Point estimate favored TRT numerically but did not reach statistical significance
• Included as a primary or secondary outcome in the pooled analysis of 30 RCTs

The meta-analysis included 30 randomized controlled trials enrolling a total of 11,502 patients with hypogonadism.

• Systematic literature search conducted on PubMed, EMBASE, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to September 30, 2023
• Mean participant age ranged from 61.61 to 61.82 years across included trials
• All included studies were randomized controlled trials comparing testosterone replacement therapy to placebo