Association of thyroid nodules with comorbidity burden and prognosis in patients with heart failure, anemia, and hyperuricemia: a retrospective cohort study.

The TN group had significantly higher prevalence of coronary heart disease and atrial fibrillation compared to the non-TN group.

• Coronary heart disease prevalence was 65.9% in the TN group vs 31.8% in the non-TN group.
• Atrial fibrillation prevalence was 71.3% in the TN group vs 27.5% in the non-TN group.
• The study included 185 inpatients with HFrEF, anemia, and hyperuricemia (2018-2022), divided into TN (n=94) and non-TN (n=91) groups based on ultrasound findings.

Depression scores were significantly higher in the TN group compared to the non-TN group.

• Mean HADS depression scores were 8.32 in the TN group vs 6.02 in the non-TN group.
• Psychological status was measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).
• Depression was identified as an independent factor associated with TNs (OR = 4.81, 95% CI 2.56-9.41).

Logistic regression identified depression, atrial fibrillation, and coronary heart disease as independent factors associated with thyroid nodules.

• Depression: OR = 4.81, 95% CI 2.56-9.41.
• Atrial fibrillation: OR = 4.46, 95% CI 2.09-9.51.
• Coronary heart disease: OR = 2.45, 95% CI 1.32-4.54.
• Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify these independent associations.

Depression and anxiety scores positively correlated with HbA1c and negatively correlated with NT-proBNP.

• The positive correlation between depression/anxiety scores and HbA1c was statistically significant (P<0.01).
• The negative correlation between depression/anxiety scores and NT-proBNP was statistically significant (P<0.05).

Nearly all patients experienced adverse outcomes during follow-up, with atrial fibrillation, diabetes, and prothrombin activity identified as independent prognostic risk factors.

• 99.5% of patients experienced the primary composite endpoint (all-cause mortality, heart failure rehospitalization, and cardiovascular events) during a median follow-up of 21.8 months.
• Atrial fibrillation: HR = 1.95, 95% CI 1.35-2.80.
• Diabetes: HR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.02-1.70.
• Prothrombin activity: HR = 1.01, 95% CI 1.00-1.01.
• These factors were identified via Cox regression analysis.

Depression was associated with shorter median survival in this patient population.

• Patients with depression had a median survival of 14.0 months compared to 18.0 months in those without depression.
• This finding was identified during a median follow-up period of 21.8 months.
• The patient population consisted of inpatients with HFrEF complicated by anemia and hyperuricemia.