Sexual Health

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Sexual Dysfunction: Review of the Impact of New Medical and Surgical Therapies on Sexual Health.

TL;DR

Recent randomized controlled trials show that newer minimally invasive surgical therapies for BPH report minimal associated risks for sexual dysfunction, though most provide inferior LUTS improvement compared to TURP, with Aquablation demonstrating similar LUTS improvement while significantly minimizing ejaculatory dysfunction compared to TURP.

Key Findings

Optilume, Rezum, Urolift, iTind, and prostatic artery embolization reported minimal associated risks for the development of sexual dysfunction in recent RCTs.

  • These findings are based on recent randomized controlled trials evaluating each of these minimally invasive surgical therapies.
  • These treatments are positioned as alternatives for patients prioritizing preservation of sexual function.
  • Despite favorable sexual function profiles, these treatments provide 'inferior improvement in lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) when compared to transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and simple prostatectomy.'

Aquablation demonstrates similar improvement in LUTS to TURP while significantly minimizing ejaculatory dysfunction.

  • Aquablation is distinguished from other minimally invasive therapies by providing LUTS improvement comparable to TURP.
  • The reduction in ejaculatory dysfunction is described as 'significant' compared to TURP.
  • This makes Aquablation notable as the only reviewed therapy that matches TURP's urinary outcomes while also preserving sexual function.

Management of BPH must include patient counseling on the potential risks of sexual dysfunction associated with both medical and surgical therapies.

  • Both medical and surgical BPH therapies carry potential risks for sexual dysfunction that warrant discussion with patients.
  • The review emphasizes this as a clinical practice recommendation based on the body of evidence reviewed.
  • This applies across the spectrum of treatment options, not only to more invasive procedures.

There is a gap in the literature regarding head-to-head comparisons of minimally invasive surgical therapies to one another and long-term durability data.

  • The authors call for 'future research guided towards comparing minimally invasive surgical therapies to one another.'
  • Long-term data on the durability of these therapies on both urinary and sexual function is currently lacking.
  • Most existing evidence comes from comparisons of newer therapies to TURP rather than to each other.

TURP and simple prostatectomy remain the benchmark for LUTS improvement against which newer minimally invasive therapies are measured.

  • Newer therapies including Optilume, Rezum, Urolift, iTind, and prostatic artery embolization provide 'inferior improvement in LUTS' compared to TURP and simple prostatectomy.
  • TURP is used as the primary surgical comparator in the reviewed randomized controlled trials.
  • The trade-off between sexual function preservation and degree of urinary symptom relief is a central theme of the review.

What This Means

This research reviews the latest evidence on how newer treatments for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), also known as an enlarged prostate, affect sexual health. BPH causes urinary problems like difficulty urinating, frequent urination, and weak urine flow, and treatments range from medications to various surgical procedures. A key concern with many of these treatments has historically been their negative impact on sexual function, particularly ejaculation problems. The review found that several newer minimally invasive procedures — including Optilume, Rezum, Urolift, iTind, and prostatic artery embolization — appear to carry minimal risk of causing sexual dysfunction. However, these procedures also tend to be less effective at relieving urinary symptoms compared to the traditional standard surgical treatment, transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). One newer procedure called Aquablation stands out as an exception: it appears to relieve urinary symptoms about as well as TURP, while causing significantly less ejaculatory dysfunction. This suggests it may offer the best of both worlds for some patients. This research suggests that men being treated for BPH should have detailed conversations with their doctors about how different treatment options may affect their sexual function, since both medications and surgeries carry some degree of risk. The authors also highlight that more research is needed, particularly studies comparing these newer procedures directly against each other rather than only against TURP, and studies that track patients over longer periods of time to see how well these treatments hold up.

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Citation

Singh D, Nguyen T, Burnam P, Greenberg J, Raheem O, Hellstrom W. (2025). Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Sexual Dysfunction: Review of the Impact of New Medical and Surgical Therapies on Sexual Health.. Current urology reports. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11934-025-01279-z