Cardiovascular risk and cognitive performance: A population-based cross-sectional study (NEDICES2-RISK).

Women with higher CVR estimated with FRESCO showed worse performance on multiple cognitive tests compared to those with low CVR.

• Women with high versus low CVR showed worse Immediate memory test OR: 4.77 (CI95% 1.81-13.80) and Delayed memory test OR: 2.86 (CI95% 1.09-7.91).
• High versus low CVR in women was also associated with worse Clock drawing test OR: 3.23 (CI95% 1.07-10.10), TMTA-1 timing OR: 6.92 (CI95% 2.43-20.90), and TMTA-2 timing OR: 3.89 (CI95% 1.34-11.50).
• Women with moderate versus low CVR scored worse on Clock drawing test OR: 2.08 (CI95% 1.08-4.02), TMTA-1 timing OR: 2.99 (CI95% 1.62-5.58), and TMTA-2 timing OR: 2.01 (CI95% 1.06-3.83).
• CVR in women was estimated using the FRESCO risk equation.

Men with high versus low CVR estimated with REGICOR had lower scores on global cognition, premorbid intelligence, and attention/psychomotor speed tests.

• Men with high versus low CVR using REGICOR showed worse MMSE-37 OR: 2.41 (CI95% 1.08-5.36) and Word accentuation OR: 2.90 (CI95% 1.28-6.67).
• Men with high versus low CVR using REGICOR also showed worse TMTA-1 OR: 3.68 (CI95% 1.57-8.71) and TMTA-2 OR: 2.82 (CI95% 1.24-6.41).
• Men with moderate versus low CVR using REGICOR scored worse on TMTA-1 OR: 2.21 (CI95% 1.15-4.41).

Men with high versus low CVR estimated with FRESCO showed worse performance on memory, premorbid intelligence, and attention tests.

• Men with high versus low CVR using FRESCO were worse on Immediate memory OR: 2.23 (CI95% 1.07-4.70) and Word accentuation OR: 2.99 (CI95% 1.25-7.53).
• Men with high versus low CVR using FRESCO also performed worse on TMTA-1 timing OR: 3.72 (CI95% 1.46-10.3).
• Men with moderate versus low CVR using FRESCO performed worse on MMSE-37 OR: 2.99 (CI95% 1.19-8.27).

The study included 863 participants aged 55-75 years without previous cardiovascular events, of whom 56.0% were women.

• The study was a cross-sectional analysis nested within the population-based NEDICES-2 cohort.
• CVR was estimated using both the REGICOR and FRESCO risk equations.
• Outcome variables included performance on premorbid intelligence, global cognition, memory, verbal fluency, visuoconstruction, attention, and psychomotor speed.
• Generalized linear models were built to assess associations between CVR and cognitive performance by sex.

The most affected cognitive domains associated with higher cardiovascular risk were memory, attention, and psychomotor speed.

• This pattern was observed across both sexes and with both CVR estimation methods (REGICOR and FRESCO).
• Attention and psychomotor speed were consistently affected across CVR levels (moderate and high) in both men and women, as reflected by TMTA-1 and TMTA-2 results.
• Memory impairment was particularly pronounced in women with high CVR (Immediate memory OR: 4.77; Delayed memory OR: 2.86 using FRESCO).
• Premorbid intelligence (Word accentuation test) was affected in men with high CVR under both REGICOR and FRESCO equations.