Carotid intima-media thickness in relation to primary open-angle glaucoma: epidemiological and structural evidence from a cross-sectional study.

Greater CIMT per SD increment was associated with a 10% increased risk of POAG.

• OR 1.10, p=0.004 per SD increment in CIMT
• Analysis based on 47,595 participants from the UK Biobank
• Logistic regression was used after adjusting for potential confounders
• The CIMT-POAG relationship exhibited an approximately linear pattern (p non-linear=0.797)

The association between CIMT and POAG was more pronounced in women than in the overall cohort.

• OR 1.18, p=0.003 in women
• Compared to the overall OR of 1.10 per SD increment
• Subgroup analysis was performed by sex

The association between CIMT and POAG was more pronounced in individuals with high genetic predisposition to POAG.

• OR 1.14, p=0.004 in individuals with high genetic predisposition
• Subgroup analysis stratified by genetic susceptibility to POAG
• Compared to the overall OR of 1.10 per SD increment

Higher CIMT was significantly correlated with increased intraocular pressure.

• β=0.14, p=0.007
• Assessed through linear regression with IOP as an endophenotype
• IOP is a major risk factor for POAG progression

Higher CIMT was significantly correlated with decreased macular retinal nerve fibre layer thickness.

• β=-0.16, p=0.030
• mRNFL thickness is a POAG-related structural endophenotype
• Assessed through linear regression analysis

Higher CIMT co-occurred with multiple retinal vascular impairments.

• Findings included decreased fractal dimension, increased vessel tortuosity, and narrower central retinal arteriole
• All associations had false discovery rates <0.05
• Retinal vascular features were examined as POAG-related endophenotypes through linear regression

The study used a cross-sectional design with UK Biobank data, assessing CIMT via carotid ultrasound and POAG via health records and self-report.

• 47,595 participants were included in the analysis
• CIMT was assessed using carotid ultrasound
• POAG was diagnosed based on health records and self-reported information
• POAG-related endophenotypes included IOP, mRNFL thickness, macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness, and retinal vascular features