Combined Effects of Gallic Acid Supplementation and Physical Training on Body Composition and Biochemical Parameters in Obese Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

Gallic acid supplementation combined with physical training reduced waist-to-hip ratio in obese participants.

• Supplement × time interaction: p = 0.031
• Effect was observed specifically in the obese group that was both trained and supplemented with gallic acid
• Intervention duration was 12 weeks
• Gallic acid dose was 200 mg/day

Waist circumference was reduced in participants receiving gallic acid supplementation combined with physical exercise.

• Three-way supplement × physical exercise × time interaction: p = 0.041
• Effect was detected across the 12-week intervention period
• The interaction involved nutritional status (obese), supplementation, and training status

Gallic acid supplementation combined with exercise reduced skinfold thickness at pectoral and abdominal measurement sites.

• Pectoral skinfold reduction: p = 0.044
• Abdominal skinfold reduction: p = 0.036
• Both reductions were observed over the 12-week intervention

Fat-free mass showed a tendency to increase in the supplemented trained obese group.

• p = 0.054, described as a tendency rather than a statistically significant finding
• Effect was specific to the trained obese group receiving gallic acid supplementation
• Assessed as part of body composition measurements before and after the 12-week intervention

Serum albumin levels increased in participants receiving gallic acid supplementation, particularly in the trained obese group.

• Supplement × time interaction: p = 0.043
• The increase was identified as especially notable in the trained obese supplemented group
• Albumin was assessed as part of a panel of serum biochemical markers

A total of 107 out of 150 recruited participants completed the 12-week trial.

• 150 participants were initially recruited and randomized
• 107 participants completed the final assessment
• Participants were divided into eight groups based on nutritional status (eutrophic or obese), supplementation (gallic acid 200 mg/day vs. placebo), and exercise status (trained vs. untrained)
• Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA