Dietary Supplements

Concordance evaluation of a nutrition self-assessment app and clinical experts in estimating energy requirements and deficits among ONS consumers.

TL;DR

The Nutrition Self-Assessment App demonstrated moderate agreement with clinician assessments for TEE estimation (ICC=0.66) and high agreement for energy deficit estimation (ICC=0.94), validating its potential reliability as a supportive tool for ONS management.

Key Findings

No significant difference was found between clinician- and app-derived estimates for total energy expenditure (TEE).

  • Clinician-derived TEE: 1606.2 ± 287.2 kcal/day; app-derived TEE: 1541.6 ± 300.5 kcal/day
  • Difference was not statistically significant (p >0.05)
  • Study included 423 ONS users in a multicenter cross-sectional design (October–November 2023)
  • Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for TEE was 0.66, indicating moderate agreement

No significant difference was found between clinician- and app-derived estimates for energy deficits.

  • Clinician-derived energy deficit: 610.4 ± 376.9 kcal/day; app-derived energy deficit: 600.1 ± 384.6 kcal/day
  • Difference was not statistically significant (p >0.05)
  • ICC for energy deficits was 0.94, indicating excellent agreement
  • Bland-Altman analysis showed 93.9% (397/423) of deficit differences fell within the 95% limits of agreement

Clinicians expressed high satisfaction with the Nutrition Self-Assessment App.

  • 46.1% of clinicians rated the app as 'very satisfied'
  • 37.1% of clinicians rated the app as 'fairly satisfied'
  • Satisfaction was measured via a 5-point Likert scale
  • Satisfaction ratings were recorded for most participants across the multicenter study

The Nutrition Self-Assessment App integrates step-count tracking and dietary intake reporting to estimate physical activity levels and energy deficits.

  • The app is a smartphone-based tool designed for users of oral nutritional supplements (ONS)
  • It estimates total energy expenditure and identifies energy deficits to provide personalized ONS recommendations
  • The study was conducted across multiple centers to assess real-world performance of the app
  • Validation against clinician assessments was deemed essential prior to large-scale implementation

Statistical methods including paired t-tests, intraclass correlation coefficients, and Bland-Altman plots were used to evaluate concordance between app and clinician assessments.

  • Paired t-tests were used to assess mean differences between clinician and app estimates
  • ICC was used to quantify the degree of agreement for both TEE and energy deficit estimates
  • Bland-Altman plots were used to visualize the limits of agreement between methods
  • The sample comprised 423 ONS consumers enrolled in a multicenter cross-sectional study

What This Means

This research evaluated a smartphone app designed to help people who use oral nutritional supplements (ONS) understand their daily energy needs and how much of an energy shortfall they might have. The app uses step-counting and dietary reporting to estimate how many calories a person burns each day and how much they fall short of that target. Researchers compared the app's estimates with those made by trained clinicians across 423 patients at multiple medical centers in late 2023. The study found that the app's estimates of total daily calorie needs were moderately consistent with clinician estimates, while its estimates of energy deficits (how many calories short a person is each day) showed excellent agreement with clinician assessments. Specifically, nearly 94% of the differences in energy deficit estimates between the app and clinicians fell within acceptable statistical limits. Clinicians who used the app alongside their assessments were largely satisfied with it, with over 83% rating it as either 'very satisfied' or 'fairly satisfied.' This research suggests that this type of nutrition self-assessment app could be a reliable supportive tool to help people manage their nutritional supplement use without always needing direct clinical supervision. Because the app can be used independently on a smartphone, it has the potential to scale up access to personalized nutrition guidance, which could help improve how consistently people adhere to their ONS regimens — particularly relevant for populations who may have limited access to in-person dietitian or clinical services.

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Citation

Zhu C, He M, Chen J, Chen M, Xu R, Gao J, et al.. (2026). Concordance evaluation of a nutrition self-assessment app and clinical experts in estimating energy requirements and deficits among ONS consumers.. Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition. https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.202606_35(3).0013