Dietary Determinants of Diabetes Prevalence: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Hungarian Population.

Obesity was associated with higher odds of self-reported diabetes in the Hungarian population.

• OR: 2.70; 95% CI: 1.96–3.72 for obesity compared to non-obesity
• Data derived from 5603 participants aged ≥15 years from the 2019 European Health Interview Survey (EHIS)
• Survey-weighted logistic regression models were used, adjusting for age, sex, BMI, education, income, employment, and physical activity

Lower educational attainment was associated with higher odds of self-reported diabetes.

• OR: 0.73 (95% CI: 0.55–0.99) for high school education versus less than high school education
• This indicates that individuals with less than high school education had higher odds of diabetes compared to those with at least high school education
• Adjustment was made for age, sex, BMI, income, employment, and physical activity

Unemployment was associated with higher odds of self-reported diabetes compared to employment.

• OR: 0.66 (95% CI: 0.46–0.95) for employed versus unemployed individuals
• This indicates that unemployed individuals had higher odds of diabetes relative to employed individuals
• Models were survey-weighted and adjusted for multiple sociodemographic and lifestyle covariates

Regular physical activity was associated with lower odds of self-reported diabetes.

• OR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.43–0.81 for participants reporting regular physical activity
• Physical activity was included as a covariate in the survey-weighted logistic regression models
• Data were drawn from the 2019 EHIS with n=5603 participants aged ≥15 years

Less frequent processed meat consumption was associated with lower odds of self-reported diabetes.

• OR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.37–0.76 for less frequent processed meat consumption
• Dietary variables were energy-adjusted using the residual method
• This was one of the key dietary variables assessed in the survey-weighted logistic regression models

Moderate dessert consumption was inversely associated with odds of self-reported diabetes.

• An inverse association was observed for moderate dessert consumption, though specific OR and CI values were not reported in the abstract
• Dietary variables were energy-adjusted using the residual method prior to analysis
• The authors note this association may reflect dietary changes made after a diabetes diagnosis rather than a causal relationship

Adherence to special diets was strongly and positively associated with self-reported diabetes prevalence.

• OR: 9.24; 95% CI: 7.09–12.06 for adherence to special diets
• This was the strongest association observed among all dietary variables examined
• The authors caution this likely reflects dietary changes made following a diabetes diagnosis rather than a causal relationship

Dietitian consultation was strongly and positively associated with self-reported diabetes prevalence.

• OR: 6.30; 95% CI: 4.13–9.61 for dietitian consultation
• This association likely reflects post-diagnosis behavioral changes, as individuals with diabetes are more likely to seek dietary counseling
• The authors explicitly note that observed associations may reflect behavioral changes following diagnosis rather than causal relationships

The study analyzed a nationally representative Hungarian sample of 5603 participants using cross-sectional survey data.

• Data were drawn from the 2019 European Health Interview Survey (EHIS)
• Participants were aged ≥15 years
• Survey-weighted logistic regression models were used to assess associations between dietary variables and self-reported diabetes
• Dietary variables were energy-adjusted using the residual method
• Covariates included age, sex, BMI, education, income, employment, and physical activity