Sleep

Distribution of device-measured 24-h movement behaviors in older adults: cross-sectional findings from the HUNT4 study.

TL;DR

This study provides novel insights into the distribution of 24-h movement behaviors among older adults, finding that participants spent 4.1 h standing, 82.8 min walking, 9.2 h sitting, and 7.1 h sleeping per day, with age, sex, and educational level influencing this distribution.

Key Findings

Community-dwelling older adults spent the majority of their day sitting, averaging 9.2 hours per day.

  • Sample size: n = 8,114 participants aged 65 years and older from the HUNT4 study (2017-19)
  • Mean sitting time was 9.2 h (SD 115.5 min) per day
  • Participants also spent 4.1 h standing (SD 85.3 min), 2.1 h lying awake (SD 86.6 min), and 7.1 h sleeping (SD 50.4 min)
  • PA types included walking at 82.8 min/day (SD 40.3 min), cycling at 4.6 min/day (SD 7.2 min), and running at 0.2 min/day (SD 1.7 min)
  • Data were derived from accelerometer recordings using validated machine learning models

Time spent standing and walking decreased while time spent sitting, lying awake, and sleeping increased with higher age.

  • The relationship between age and movement behaviors was assessed using survey-weighted regression models
  • Both standing and walking showed negative associations with increasing age
  • Sitting, lying awake, and sleeping all showed positive associations with increasing age
  • Participants were 65 years and older, allowing observation of age-related trends within an older adult population
  • Running and cycling were not specifically highlighted as age-varying behaviors, likely due to their very low mean durations (0.2 min and 4.6 min/day respectively)

Women spent more time standing and sleeping, and less time walking, sitting, and lying awake than men.

  • Sex differences were identified across multiple movement behavior categories
  • Women had greater standing and sleeping time compared to men
  • Women had less walking, sitting, and lying awake time compared to men
  • Sex was one of three demographic variables (along with age and education) used to explore distributional differences in 24-h movement behaviors
  • Survey-weighted regression models were used to assess sex-related differences

Higher educational level was associated with more time standing and walking and less time sitting.

  • Education was examined as a third demographic modifier of 24-h movement behavior distribution
  • Higher education was positively associated with standing and walking time
  • Higher education was negatively associated with sitting time
  • Educational level differences were assessed using survey-weighted regression models alongside age and sex
  • The study did not report specific coefficient values or confidence intervals in the abstract for education effects

The study used validated machine learning models to classify PA types, postures, and sleep from accelerometer data in a large population-based sample.

  • Participants were included if they had ≥ 1 day of complete accelerometer recording
  • The final sample included n = 8,114 community-dwelling adults aged 65 years and older
  • Seven distinct 24-h movement behavior categories were derived: walking, running, cycling, standing, sitting, lying awake, and sleep
  • Data came from the fourth survey of the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT4, 2017-19)
  • Survey-weighted regression models were applied to account for the population-based sampling design

What This Means

This research suggests that older adults living in the community spend a large portion of their day — about 9.2 hours — sitting, while spending roughly 4.1 hours standing, 1.4 hours walking, and 7.1 hours sleeping. These findings come from a large Norwegian study of over 8,000 adults aged 65 and older, where participants wore accelerometers that tracked their movements around the clock. Advanced machine learning models were used to classify different types of activity, such as walking, running, cycling, standing, sitting, lying awake, and sleeping. The study found that as people got older, they tended to sit more and lie awake more, while standing and walking less. Women were more active in terms of standing but walked less and sat less compared to men, and they also slept more. People with higher levels of education tended to stand and walk more and sit less, suggesting that education may be linked to healthier movement patterns in older age. This research matters because it provides a detailed, real-world picture of how older adults actually distribute their time across different movements and postures throughout the day. This kind of data can help public health officials and researchers design better interventions to encourage older adults to be more active and less sedentary, and it offers a reference point — or benchmark — for comparing future studies on how movement patterns relate to health outcomes in aging populations.

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Citation

Sverdrup K, Ustad A, Tangen G, Kongsvold A, Vereijken B, Strand B, et al.. (2026). Distribution of device-measured 24-h movement behaviors in older adults: cross-sectional findings from the HUNT4 study.. Scientific reports. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-36355-y