Dynamic conversion and associated risk factors between mutually exclusive muscle health states in geriatric population.

Individuals with presarcopenia had a significantly higher hazard ratio for progression to sarcopenia compared to other muscle health states.

• Hazard ratio for presarcopenia progression to sarcopenia was HR = 4.20 (95% CI = 2.59–6.81)
• Presarcopenia is defined as sole loss of muscle mass with preserved muscle function
• 296 community-dwelling adults aged 65 years and older were included in the analysis
• Participants received annual health examinations including muscle function and body composition measurements

Dynapenic individuals had a significantly higher hazard ratio for recovery to a robust muscle health status.

• Hazard ratio for dynapenia recovery to robust status was HR = 4.18 (95% CI = 2.13–8.19)
• Dynapenia is defined as poor muscle function with normal muscle mass
• This suggests dynapenia is more reversible than presarcopenia
• Recovery to robust status required normal muscle mass and normal muscle function

Higher body fat percentage and fat-to-muscle ratio were associated with transition to sarcopenia.

• Body fat percentage and fat-to-muscle ratio were identified as risk factors for sarcopenia progression
• These obesity-related parameters were examined as determinants of muscle health transition
• Body composition was measured as part of the annual health examination protocol

Older adults with dynapenia had more chronic diseases and higher obesity parameters compared to other muscle health groups.

• Dynapenic individuals were characterized by poor muscle function but normal muscle mass
• Higher obesity parameters were observed in the dynapenia group
• Greater number of chronic diseases was associated with dynapenia status
• This profile contrasted with presarcopenic individuals who were characterized primarily by low muscle mass

Greater muscle mass, greater handgrip strength, and higher albumin levels were associated with greater likelihood of recovery to normal muscle health.

• Handgrip strength was used as a measure of muscle function in the study
• Albumin levels were included among determinants associated with recovery
• These factors were associated with recovery across muscle health transition analyses
• Measurements were collected as part of annual health examinations in community-dwelling adults aged 65 and older

The study enrolled 296 community-dwelling adults aged 65 years and older who received annual health examinations.

• Participants were living in the community and received annual health examinations
• Examinations included muscle function, body composition, and other measurements
• Four mutually exclusive muscle health states were defined: robust, presarcopenia, dynapenia, and sarcopenia
• Robust status was defined as normal muscle mass and function; sarcopenia as reduction in both muscle mass and function