Effect of 21-Day Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation on Exercise-Induced Secretory Factors and Inflammation Status in Young Men: A Randomized Double-Blind Trial.

21-day omega-3 supplementation significantly altered plasma fatty acid composition in the supplementation group.

• Participants received 3250 mg of n-3 PUFAs daily for 21 days in a randomized double-blind design.
• Sample size was 24 physically active young men, split into supplementation (n=12) and placebo (n=12) groups.
• Blood samples were collected before and after the 21-day supplementation period to measure total fatty acids.
• Significant changes in PUFA content were confirmed following the supplementation protocol.

Omega-3 supplementation did not significantly affect anaerobic performance parameters after 21 days.

• No significant changes in anaerobic performance parameters were observed after the 21-day supplementation period.
• Both supplementation and placebo groups were physically active young men.
• The study used a randomized double-blind trial design to control for placebo effects.
• Maximal anaerobic performance remained unaffected by the supplementation protocol.

Significant interactions were found in the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) in response to both exercise and supplementation.

• The SII showed significant interaction effects between supplementation and exercise.
• SII is a composite inflammatory marker derived from blood cell counts.
• This finding suggests that omega-3 supplementation modulated the systemic inflammatory response to exercise.
• The interaction was identified among the 24 physically active male participants.

Omega-3 supplementation significantly influenced FGF-23 levels in response to exercise.

• FGF-23 (Fibroblast Growth Factor 23) demonstrated a significant interaction between supplementation and exercise.
• FGF-23 was measured as one of the selected exerkines in the study.
• Blood samples were collected before and after the 21-day supplementation to assess FGF-23 changes.
• This finding indicates that omega-3 supplementation modified exercise-induced FGF-23 secretion.

Significant interactions were observed in pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-1Ra, IL-6, and IL-10 in response to exercise and supplementation.

• IL-1β, IL-1Ra, IL-6, and IL-10 all showed significant interaction effects between supplementation and exercise.
• These cytokines were measured as inflammatory markers from blood samples collected before and after the 21-day period.
• Both pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10, IL-1Ra) cytokines were affected.
• The results indicate that omega-3 supplementation modified the post-exercise cytokine response in physically active young men.

BDNF was measured as one of the exerkine secretory factors in the study but was not listed among markers showing significant interactions.

• BDNF (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor) was included as one of the measured exerkines alongside FGF-23.
• The abstract lists BDNF as a measured inflammatory/exerkine marker but does not report it among those with significant interactions.
• Blood samples were collected before and after the 21-day supplementation period to assess BDNF levels.
• Significant interactions were specifically reported for SII, FGF-23, IL-1β, IL-1Ra, IL-6, and IL-10 but not BDNF.

The study used a randomized double-blind design with physically active young men receiving 3250 mg/day of n-3 PUFAs for 21 days.

• 24 physically active men were randomly assigned to supplementation (n=12) or placebo (n=12) groups.
• The supplementation dose was 3250 mg of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids per day.
• The supplementation duration was 21 days.
• The double-blind design ensured neither participants nor investigators knew group assignment during the trial.
• Blood samples were collected at two time points: before and after the 21-day supplementation period.