Effect of Beetroot Extract Supplementation on Serum Fatty Acid Profiles and Oxidative Stress Markers in Chronic Coronary Artery Disease Patients: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Beetroot extract supplementation alone produced significant improvements in SFAs/PUFAs ratio, PA/OA ratio, and myeloperoxidase levels in CAD patients.

• The study was a secondary analysis of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial conducted on 90 chronic CAD patients (67.8% male, 32.2% female) over 4 weeks.
• Subjects received beetroot capsules for 4 weeks.
• SFAs/PUFAs ratio changed by -130 μg/mL (p = 0.04).
• PA/OA ratio changed by -250 μg/mL (p = 0.02).
• Myeloperoxidase (MPO) changed by -9.60 U/L (p < 0.01).

The beetroot-plus-vitamin C combination group showed significant improvements across a broader range of fatty acid and oxidative stress markers compared to beetroot alone.

• Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) increased by 9.3 μg/mL (p < 0.01).
• Omega-3 fatty acids increased by 31 μg/mL (p < 0.001).
• EPA + DHA increased by 10 μg/mL (p < 0.01).
• SFAs/PUFAs ratio changed by -370 μg/mL (p < 0.001) and PA/OA ratio changed by -360 μg/mL (p < 0.001).
• Total oxidant status (TOS) changed by -1.42 μM (p < 0.01) and MPO changed by -12.42 U/L (p < 0.001).

The study was designed as a three-arm randomized controlled trial examining beetroot extract in chronic CAD patients.

• The trial included 90 participants divided into three groups.
• The study was randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled.
• Duration of intervention was 4 weeks.
• This report is a secondary analysis of the original trial.
• Groups included a beetroot capsule group, a beetroot-plus-vitamin C group, and a placebo group.

Beetroot was considered a functional food of interest in CAD due to its high nitrate content and bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-dyslipidemic effects.

• The paper situates beetroot supplementation within the context of dietary approaches to preventing atherogenesis.
• Outcomes assessed included fatty acid profile, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and myeloperoxidase (MPO).
• CAD is described as a common worldwide chronic disease.

The combination of beetroot with vitamin C produced larger magnitude changes in MPO and SFAs/PUFAs ratio compared to beetroot supplementation alone.

• MPO reduction was -9.60 U/L in the beetroot-only group versus -12.42 U/L in the beetroot-vitamin C group.
• SFAs/PUFAs reduction was -130 μg/mL in the beetroot-only group versus -370 μg/mL in the beetroot-vitamin C group.
• PA/OA reduction was -250 μg/mL in the beetroot-only group versus -360 μg/mL in the beetroot-vitamin C group.
• Significant omega-3 and DHA increases were only observed in the beetroot-vitamin C group, not in the beetroot-only group.