Exercise & Training

Effect of Consecutive Jumping Trials on Metatarsophalangeal, Ankle, Knee and Hip Biomechanics During Take-Off and Landing: A Replication and Extension Study.

TL;DR

A replication study of Lam et al. (2021) investigating consecutive versus single countermovement jump biomechanics found that 'the present study couldn't replicate most of the original findings, as the effect of consecutive jump on most of the joint kinematics and kinetics results was not consistent between the two studies.'

Key Findings

Consecutive jumping led to lower jump height, takeoff velocity, and vertical ground reaction forces at landing in both the replication and original study.

  • Forty basketball players performed single and consecutive countermovement jump (CMJ) tasks.
  • Synchronized motion capture system and force plates were used to compute biomechanical variables during take-off and landing.
  • This finding was consistent between the replication and the original Lam et al. (2021) study.
  • Paired t-tests were used to examine significant effects of the task.

Unlike the original study, metatarsophalangeal, ankle, and knee joint velocities and powers were greater in the single CMJ condition compared to the consecutive CMJ condition.

  • The original study by Lam et al. (2021) reported different directional effects for these joint kinematics and kinetics.
  • Compatibility of replication and original effect size estimates was evaluated with z-tests.
  • This discrepancy in joint-level findings was central to the failure to replicate the original study.
  • Both take-off and landing phases were analyzed for these joints.

The hip joint displayed larger velocities and power during take-off in the single CMJ condition compared to the consecutive CMJ condition.

  • Hip joint biomechanics were not analyzed in the original Lam et al. (2021) study and represent an extension of the replication.
  • This finding extends the understanding of lower limb joint contributions during single versus consecutive jumping.
  • The hip was the only joint analyzed exclusively in the replication study.

The replication study failed to replicate most of the original findings from Lam et al. (2021) regarding joint kinematics and kinetics.

  • Z-tests were used to evaluate the compatibility of effect size estimates between the replication and original study.
  • The effect of consecutive jumping on most joint kinematics and kinetics results 'was not consistent between the two studies.'
  • The study is described as a 'close replication' of the original design.
  • The authors note that few replications have been conducted within sports biomechanics.

The authors recommend that researchers describe the level of practice of their population and adopt Open Science principles to improve confidence in sports science results.

  • The recommendation stems from difficulties encountered in replicating the original study, potentially due to population differences (e.g., skill level).
  • The participant sample consisted of 40 basketball players, whose level of practice may differ from the original study's participants.
  • Open Science principles were identified as a means to 'build higher confidence in the sports sciences results.'
  • The paper highlights that replication 'is a fundamental aspect of scientific research' but is rarely conducted in sports biomechanics.

What This Means

This research suggests that when basketball players perform consecutive jumps compared to a single jump, they jump lower, take off with less velocity, and land with less force — findings that held true in both this new study and the original 2021 study it was trying to replicate. However, when the researchers looked more closely at how individual joints (the toe, ankle, knee, and hip) moved and generated power during jumping, the results did not match the original study. In fact, the direction of several effects was opposite: this replication found that single jumps produced greater joint velocities and power at the toe, ankle, and knee compared to consecutive jumps, whereas the original study found different patterns. The hip joint, which was newly added to the analysis, also showed greater velocities and power during take-off in the single jump condition. This matters because it raises questions about how reproducible findings in sports biomechanics really are. The researchers point out that differences in the athletes studied — such as their skill level or training background — might explain why results diverged. The study included 40 basketball players, but if the original study used players with different experience levels, that alone could change how joints are used during jumping. The fact that most joint-level findings could not be replicated suggests that results from a single sports biomechanics study should be interpreted cautiously. This research suggests that the sports science community would benefit from more replication studies and greater adoption of Open Science practices — such as sharing data and detailed methods publicly — so that findings can be more reliably verified. It also highlights the practical importance of clearly reporting who the study participants are, including their level of athletic experience, since this can significantly affect biomechanical outcomes.

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Citation

Duchene Y, Hanen N, Murphy J, Banet L, Gauchard G, Mornieux G. (2026). Effect of Consecutive Jumping Trials on Metatarsophalangeal, Ankle, Knee and Hip Biomechanics During Take-Off and Landing: A Replication and Extension Study.. European journal of sport science. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsc.70217