Effect of picture-based indoor green walls on the physical and mental health of college students.

Exposure to a picture-based green wall environment was associated with reduced anxiety compared to a non-green wall environment.

• The study used a 4-week intervention design with 311 undergraduate students in Shijiazhuang, China.
• Anxiety decreased by -1.99 (95% CI: -3.13, -0.85) compared to the non-green wall condition.
• Linear mixed-effects models were used to evaluate the relationship between green wall exposure and health indicators.
• Three conditions were compared: non-green walls, picture-based small green wall, and picture-based large green walls.

Exposure to a picture-based green wall environment was associated with reduced depression scores compared to a non-green wall environment.

• Depression scores decreased by -1.48 (95% CI: -2.09, -0.87) compared to the non-green wall condition.
• The intervention lasted 4 weeks among 311 undergraduate students.
• Changes in psychological responses were measured across three green wall exposure conditions.

Exposure to a picture-based green wall environment was associated with reduced stress levels compared to a non-green wall environment.

• Stress levels decreased by -1.71 (95% CI: -2.71, -0.70) compared to the non-green wall condition.
• The study involved 311 undergraduate students over a 4-week period.
• Linear mixed-effects models were applied to assess these relationships.

Exposure to a picture-based green wall environment was associated with improved daytime sleepiness compared to a non-green wall environment.

• Daytime sleepiness scores improved by -2.42 (95% CI: -3.25, -1.58) compared to the non-green wall condition.
• Sleep quality improvement was identified as one of the key health outcomes of green wall exposure.
• The intervention was conducted over 4 weeks with 311 undergraduate students.

Exposure to a picture-based green wall environment was associated with enhanced prospective and retrospective memory compared to a non-green wall environment.

• Prospective and retrospective memory scores improved by -5.86 (95% CI: -7.33, -4.38) compared to the non-green wall condition.
• Memory enhancement was identified alongside mental health and sleep improvements as a key outcome.
• The 4-week study enrolled 311 undergraduate students in Shijiazhuang, China.

The small green wall environment had the most significant impact on college students' well-being compared to the large green wall and non-green wall conditions.

• The small green wall environment showed the greatest improvements in mental health, sleep, and memory.
• Three conditions were compared: non-green walls, picture-based small green wall, and picture-based large green walls.
• This finding suggests that the size of the green wall influences the magnitude of health benefits.