Effect of probiotics combined with periodontal basic therapy on inflammatory factors in gingival crevicular fluid in patients with moderate periodontitis.

Probiotics combined with periodontal basic therapy produced greater improvements in periodontal parameters than periodontal basic therapy alone after 8 weeks.

• Study involved 140 patients with moderate periodontitis in a retrospective controlled clinical study from June 2021 to January 2023
• 70 patients received probiotics combined with standard periodontal basic therapy (study group) and 70 received periodontal basic therapy alone (control group)
• At 8 weeks, probing depth (PD), gingival index (GI), plaque index (PLI), and sulcus bleeding index (SBI) were significantly better in the study group than control group (P < .05)
• After 4 weeks, improvements in PD, GI, and PLI were already better in the study group than the control group, though SBI difference was not yet significant at that timepoint
• PD, GI, PLI, and SBI did not significantly differ between groups before therapy

Probiotics combined with periodontal basic therapy significantly reduced inflammatory cytokine levels in gingival crevicular fluid after 8 weeks of treatment.

• Inflammatory factors measured included interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)
• There were no significant differences in IL-6, IL-1β, hs-CRP, and TNF-α levels between groups before treatment
• After 8 weeks, the study group showed considerably greater reductions in all four inflammatory markers compared to the control group (P < .05)
• Measurements were collected from patient records at baseline and after treatment

Probiotics combined with periodontal basic therapy significantly reduced pro-inflammatory markers including matrix metalloproteinase/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (MMP/TIMP-1) and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) after 8 weeks.

• Pro-inflammatory markers assessed included MMP/TIMP-1, heat shock protein-70 (HSP-70), and HMGB1
• Prior to treatment, there were no significant differences in MMP/TIMP-1 or HMGB1 levels between groups
• After 8 weeks, pro-inflammatory marker levels decreased in the study group to a significantly greater extent than in the control group (P < .05)
• HSP-70 levels initially differed between groups before treatment, but both groups showed decreases after treatment, with the study group showing significantly lower levels (P < .05)

The study design was a retrospective controlled clinical study conducted at a single hospital.

• Data were collected from the Department of Stomatology, the First Hospital of Handan
• Study period was from June 2021 to January 2023
• Group assignment was based on treatment records rather than prospective randomization
• Sample size was 140 total patients (70 per group)
• Clinical and laboratory data were collected from patient records at baseline and after treatment periods of 4 and 8 weeks