This protocol describes a community-based cross-sectional study of 281 rural Indian adults aged ≥40 years that will estimate the prevalence of poor sleep quality and cardiometabolic risk factors and test the association between sleep hygiene and cardiometabolic risk, to help develop targeted community interventions; no outcome results are yet reported.
The paper is a study protocol, and no association between sleep hygiene and metabolic syndrome has yet been reported; only recruitment progress is given.
The study is motivated by a gap in evidence on how sleep hygiene affects cardiometabolic health in rural India, against a high and rising global burden of metabolic syndrome (MetS).
The study has two aims: to estimate the prevalence of poor sleep quality and cardiometabolic risk factors in a rural Indian population, and to determine the association between sleep hygiene and cardiometabolic risk factors.
The planned sample is 281 rural Indian adults aged ≥40 years, recruited by house-to-house visits by trained personnel.
Sleep quality will be measured with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and cardiometabolic risk through direct measurements and a diabetes risk score.
Confounders will be assessed with standardized tools and adjusted for in the analysis.
The statistical analysis plan uses R software for prevalence estimates, bivariate tests, and adjusted logistic regression.
The study timeline spans conceptualization in January 2025 through expected completion in March 2027.
The authors anticipate that the study will deepen understanding of the link between sleep hygiene and MetS and support targeted interventions and prevention strategies.
This paper describes the plan for a study that is still underway; it does not yet report results. The researchers want to find out whether poor sleep habits are linked to metabolic syndrome, a cluster of problems (high blood pressure, excess weight, high blood sugar, and abnormal cholesterol and triglycerides) that raises the risk of heart disease and diabetes. About 25% of adults worldwide are thought to have it, and that figure is projected to reach 50% by 2035. Little is known about how sleep relates to these conditions in rural India. The team plans to visit the homes of 281 rural adults aged 40 and older. They will measure sleep quality with a standard questionnaire, and also measure blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, body mass index, and waist size, and estimate diabetes risk. They will also assess anxiety, depression, physical activity, diet, and stress, so they can account for these factors when looking at the sleep connection. As of May 2026, 53 people had been enrolled, and the study is expected to finish in early 2027. If completed as planned, this research suggests it could show how common poor sleep and cardiometabolic risk factors are in rural Indian communities and whether they go together. That information could help guide community-level prevention programs. Because no findings have been reported yet, nothing can be concluded about whether better sleep reduces metabolic risk, and a cross-sectional design can show associations but not cause and effect.
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Upload Your LabsKothari R, Choudhari S. (2026). Effect of Sleep Hygiene on Metabolic Syndrome in an Adult Rural Population in India: Protocol for a Cross-Sectional Study.. JMIR research protocols. https://doi.org/10.2196/90117