Effects of a 12-Week Calisthenics Exercise Program on Physical Fitness in Adults With Obesity.

The 12-week calisthenics intervention significantly improved flexibility compared to the control group.

• Measured using the Sit and Reach Test
• Statistically significant difference between intervention group (n=39) and control group (n=38): p=0.005
• Effect size ES=0.802, indicating a large effect

The calisthenics intervention significantly improved cardiovascular endurance compared to the control group.

• Measured using the 20-m Shuttle Run test
• Statistically significant difference: p=0.042
• Effect size ES=0.815, indicating a large effect

The calisthenics intervention significantly improved muscular strength in multiple measures compared to the control group.

• Right-hand grip strength: p=0.048, ES=0.748
• Left-hand grip strength: p=0.041, ES=0.829
• Leg muscle strength: p=0.049, ES=0.539
• Back muscle strength: p=0.022, ES=0.754

The calisthenics intervention produced significant reductions in body weight and BMI compared to the control group.

• BMI reduction: p=0.019, ES=0.728
• Weight reduction: p=0.024, ES=0.778
• Both effect sizes indicate large practical significance

The calisthenics intervention significantly improved body composition measures related to fat and muscle compared to the control group.

• Fat mass reduction: p=0.032, ES=0.696
• Fat percentage reduction: p=0.048, ES=0.768
• Muscle mass change: p=0.042, ES=0.724
• Muscle mass percentage change: p=0.020, ES=0.498

The study was designed as a randomized controlled trial with adults with obesity assigned to intervention and control groups.

• Intervention group: n=39; Control group: n=38
• Duration of intervention: 12 weeks
• Exercise modality: calisthenics exercise program
• Outcomes measured included body composition, physical strength, cardiovascular endurance, and flexibility