Effects of Diactive-1-Supported Progressive Resistance Training on Body Composition in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes.

The resistance training intervention resulted in greater gains in lean mass compared to usual care at 24 weeks.

• Mean difference in lean mass was 0.88 kg (95% CI 0.09 to 1.66) in favor of the intervention group
• Effect size was moderate (Hedges' g = 0.568)
• Finding was based on intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis
• Results were directionally consistent in the per-protocol (PP) analysis

The intervention group showed greater gains in whole-body bone mineral content less head compared to the usual care group.

• Mean difference was 32.40 g (95% CI 6.90 to 57.89) in favor of the intervention group
• Effect size was moderate-to-large (Hedges' g = 0.644)
• Assessment was performed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)
• Bone measurements were standardised by age, sex and ethnicity

The risk of probable sarcopenia was lower in the intervention group than in the usual care group.

• Relative risk was 0.17 (95% CI 0.04 to 0.73) in the intervention group compared to usual care
• Effect size was large (Cohen's h = 0.987)
• This finding was observed at 24 weeks in the ITT analysis
• Results were directionally consistent in the PP analysis

No significant between-group changes were observed in anthropometric measures, fat mass-related regions, or standardised body composition variables.

• All comparisons for these outcomes yielded p > 0.05
• Both anthropometry and DXA were used to assess body composition
• Fat, lean and bone measurements were standardised by age, sex and ethnicity
• This null finding applied to both anthropometric and fat mass-related DXA outcomes

The study was a 24-week randomised controlled trial involving 62 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

• Participants were aged 8–18 years old; 48% were female
• Participants were assigned to usual care (n = 32) or the exercise intervention group (n = 30)
• The intervention was delivered via the Diactive-1 app, which generates progressive overload resistance training programmes tailored to real-time glycaemia and provides educational support
• Linear mixed models were used under both ITT and PP approaches
• The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06048757)

Children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes are at increased risk of adverse changes in body composition compared to healthy peers.

• Risks include increased fat mass along with reductions in lean and bone mass
• Although exercise has shown promise in improving body mass index in this population, individual effects of resistance training on specific body composition parameters remain understudied
• This background context motivated the study's focus on resistance training as an intervention