Effects of Peanut Butter Supplementation on Older Adults' Physical Function: A 6-Month Randomised Controlled Trial.

Peanut butter supplementation significantly improved five times sit-to-stand (5STS) time compared to control.

• Estimated treatment effect for 5STS time: -1.23 s (95% CI: -2.09, -0.37), p = 0.006
• Participants received 43 g/day of peanut butter for 6 months
• Analysis used linear regression models adjusting for age, sex, baseline value of the dependent variable, BMI, physical activity and diet quality
• Results based on intention-to-treat analysis

Peanut butter supplementation significantly improved muscle power derived from the 5STS test compared to control.

• Estimated treatment effect for absolute muscle power: 22.0 W (95% CI: 7.1 to 36.9), p = 0.004
• Estimated treatment effect for relative muscle power: 0.27 W/kg (95% CI: 0.10 to 0.45), p = 0.002
• Muscle power was assessed alongside 5STS performance at baseline and 6 months

Peanut butter supplementation had no significant effect on the primary outcome of 4-metre gait speed.

• No significant treatment effect on gait speed (p > 0.05)
• Gait speed was the pre-specified primary outcome of the trial
• 108 of 120 participants (90%) completed the study

Peanut butter supplementation had no significant effects on other measures of physical function.

• No significant treatment effects on standing balance test, four-square step test (FSST), 30-s sit-to-stand test, or timed up and go (TUG) test (all p > 0.05)
• Outcomes were assessed at baseline and 6 months
• Participants were community-dwelling older adults aged ≥ 65 years at risk of falls

Peanut butter supplementation had no significant effects on muscle strength measures.

• No significant treatment effects on handgrip strength (HGS) or isometric knee extensor strength (KES) (p > 0.05)
• Both measures were assessed at baseline and 6 months

Peanut butter supplementation had no significant effects on body composition or anthropometric measures.

• No significant treatment effects on weight, BMI, total fat mass, total lean mass, or appendicular lean mass (p > 0.05)
• Body composition was assessed via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (implied by lean and fat mass measurements)

The trial enrolled 120 older adults at risk of falls, with high retention and adherence.

• 120 participants randomised: peanut butter group (n = 60) and usual care control group (n = 60)
• 108 participants (90%) completed the study
• Mean adherence in the peanut butter group among completers was 86.0% (SD 13.8%)
• At baseline, 70% of participants were female, mean age was 76.1 ± 4.6 years, and mean BMI was 27.5 ± 4.2 kg/m²