Effects of Resistance Training Combined with Vitamin D Supplementation on Health-Related Variables in the Elderly: Muscle Strength, Body Composition, and Inflammatory Status.

Both groups showed significant lower limb strength gains following 12 weeks of resistance training regardless of vitamin D supplementation.

• Strength improvements were observed in both the Experimental Group (RT + 2000 IU/day vitamin D) and Control Group (RT + placebo).
• Significance was reported as p < 0.05 for all tests and groups for lower limb strength.
• Strength was assessed using the sit-to-stand test and handgrip strength.
• No between-group differences in strength gains were detected.

There were no statistically significant between-group differences in body composition following the intervention.

• Body composition was assessed using DEXA scanning before and after the 12-week intervention.
• p > 0.05 for all between-group comparisons of body composition measures.
• The Experimental Group had 12 participants (11 Female; 70.6 ± 4.7 years) and the Control Group had 14 participants (11 Female; 69.6 ± 4.6 years).

A time × group interaction was observed for IL-6, with a slight reduction in the Experimental Group and an increase in the Control Group.

• The time × group interaction for IL-6 was statistically significant (p = 0.03).
• Despite the interaction, post-intervention differences in IL-6 between groups were not statistically significant (p = 0.49).
• No statistically significant between-group differences were found for TNF-α inflammatory markers (p > 0.05).

Vitamin D supplementation did not produce a statistically significant between-group difference in serum 25(OH)D levels.

• No statistically significant between-group difference in 25(OH)D change was detected (p = 0.11).
• Participants were described as having normal baseline vitamin D levels.
• The supplementation dose used was 2000 IU/day for 12 weeks.

The resistance training program consisted of 8 exercises performed in 2 sets at 10 repetition maximum, twice per week for 12 weeks.

• Both the Experimental and Control Groups performed identical resistance training protocols.
• The program was conducted over 12 weeks.
• The only difference between groups was vitamin D supplementation (2000 IU/day) versus placebo.
• A total of 26 participants were randomly assigned to groups.

Aging is associated with changes in body composition that lead to low-grade chronic inflammation, which can be mitigated by resistance training and vitamin D supplementation.

• Low-grade chronic inflammation is identified as a consequence of age-related changes in body composition.
• Both resistance training and vitamin D supplementation are described as strategies to mitigate this condition in the elderly.
• The study targeted older adults with a mean age of approximately 70 years in both groups.