Mental Health

Enhancing Mental Health and Psychosocial Support for Adolescents and Young Adults Through the Asenze Impilo Project: Protocol for a Human-Centered Design Study.

TL;DR

The Asenze Impilo study protocol describes a three-phase human-centered design approach to co-design a mental health and psychosocial support implementation strategy for adolescents and young adults in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, engaging young people, caregivers, and mental health stakeholders.

Key Findings

The study identifies persistent barriers preventing adolescents and young adults from accessing timely, acceptable, and responsive mental health and psychosocial support services.

  • Despite increasing recognition of adolescents' and young adults' mental health needs, many young people continue to experience barriers in accessing services.
  • There is a recognized need for 'contextually relevant and youth-responsive approaches' to address these gaps.
  • The study is set in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa, leveraging resources from the Asenze study, a population-based longitudinal cohort study.

The study protocol uses a human-centered design (HCD) approach organized into three sequential phases: Discover, Design, and Build.

  • Phase 1 (Discover) includes separate HCD workshops with adolescents and young adults, caregivers, and implementation partners to understand existing services, needs, and potential evidence-based intervention options.
  • Phase 2 (Design) includes separate HCD workshops with adolescents and young adults and caregivers to co-design a context-specific mental health and PSS implementation strategy.
  • Phase 3 (Build) includes two separate HCD workshops with adolescents and young adults and caregivers to refine the co-designed strategy, plus a consultation workshop with mental health stakeholders to review feasibility and acceptability.
  • A qualitative thematic analysis approach will be used, 'allowing for an inductive and iterative exploration of patterns emerging from the data collected during the HCD workshops.'

The study will engage three distinct participant groups totaling 55 individuals across adolescents and young adults, caregivers, and mental health stakeholders.

  • 20 young adults will be recruited from the Asenze study.
  • 20 caregivers will be recruited from the Asenze study.
  • 15 mental health stakeholders from KZN, South Africa will be included.
  • Stakeholders represent the Departments of Health, Basic Education, and Social Development, as well as implementing partner organizations.

The HCD co-design process is structured to achieve three sequential objectives: identifying needs and barriers, developing context-relevant solutions, and refining a co-designed implementation strategy.

  • The approach meaningfully engages young people, caregivers, and service providers in implementation strategy development.
  • Qualitative multimethods will be used throughout all three phases.
  • The study aims to produce a strategy 'adapted to the local context' for improving delivery of mental health and PSS.

The study follows a defined timeline with funding received in 2024, ethics approval in March 2025, enrollment completion in April 2025, and data collection planned between May 2025 and January 2026.

  • The study was funded in 2024.
  • Ethics approval was received in March 2025.
  • Enrollment is to be completed in April 2025.
  • Data collection will be conducted between May 2025 and January 2026.
  • Findings are expected to be submitted for publication in 2026.

What This Means

This research describes the protocol for a study called Asenze Impilo, which aims to improve mental health services for teenagers and young adults in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Many young people in this region face obstacles when trying to access mental health support, and existing services are often not well-suited to their needs or cultural context. Rather than designing solutions without input from those affected, the researchers plan to use a 'human-centered design' approach — a method commonly used in product and service design — to involve young people, their caregivers, and health system workers directly in creating new approaches to mental health care. The study will unfold in three phases over about eight months. In the first phase, researchers will hold workshops to understand what mental health services currently exist, what gaps remain, and what kinds of support young people and families actually want. In the second phase, participants will work together to design a practical plan for improving services. In the third phase, the plan will be refined based on further input, and health system stakeholders will weigh in on whether it is practical and acceptable to implement. A total of 55 participants — 20 young adults, 20 caregivers, and 15 mental health professionals and officials — will take part. This research suggests that by directly involving the people who use and provide mental health services in designing those services, it may be possible to create approaches that are better suited to local needs and more likely to be used in practice. The study is still in progress and no outcome data have yet been collected, but the protocol offers a model for how low- and middle-income countries might develop youth mental health programs in a participatory, community-grounded way.

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Citation

Mbaya T, Nota P, Gwala N, Ferraris C, Magana C, Watt K, et al.. (2026). Enhancing Mental Health and Psychosocial Support for Adolescents and Young Adults Through the Asenze Impilo Project: Protocol for a Human-Centered Design Study.. JMIR research protocols. https://doi.org/10.2196/90096