Exercise Participation Among Physically Active Adults: A Multidimensional Analysis of Demographic, Anthropometric, Personality, and Behavioral Factors.

Gender and age consistently predicted exercise frequency and duration among recreationally active adults.

• Sample consisted of 1564 participants with mean age 33.65 years (SD = 9.83)
• Non-parametric tests and multinomial logistic regression were applied to assess demographic predictors
• Gender and age were associated with both weekly exercise frequency (H2) and daily exercise duration (H3)
• These associations were identified as 'consistent' predictors across multiple behavioral outcomes

Higher BMI and reported weight problems were strongly associated with health- and appearance-related exercise motives.

• Motivational regulation was assessed using the BREQ-2 (Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2)
• Anthropometric variables included body mass index and weight history
• Higher BMI and weight problems were 'strongly associated' with health- and appearance-related motives (H4)
• This suggests that individuals with weight concerns are more extrinsically motivated in their exercise participation

Personality traits were linked to exercise modality but showed limited associations with motivational regulation.

• Personality was assessed using the Five-Factor Model
• Personality traits predicted exercise modality preferences (H5)
• Associations between personality traits and motivational regulation were limited
• Authors interpreted this as suggesting 'activity preferences reflect relatively stable psychological profiles, whereas motives are more context-dependent'

Cluster analysis identified three distinct behavioral profiles combining demographic, physical, and psychological attributes.

• Cluster analysis was applied to test hypothesis H6 regarding multidimensional behavioral clustering
• The three profiles showed 'meaningful differences in exercise modality, duration, and motivational orientation'
• Clusters combined demographic, anthropometric, and psychological variables simultaneously
• Authors described these findings as 'preliminary evidence for the utility of behavioral segmentation in recreational physical activity'

Demographic, anthropometric, and psychological characteristics were examined as predictors of exercise type among physically active adults.

• Total sample was 1564 participants completing standardized questionnaires
• Exercise type was assessed as one of six behavioral outcomes (H1)
• Measures included physical activity behavior, BMI, weight history, personality traits (Five-Factor Model), and motivational regulation (BREQ-2)
• Non-parametric tests, multinomial logistic regression, and cluster analysis were applied as analytical methods