Members of a college of pharmacy community reported moderate stress and coping and poor sleep quality, with stress predicting poor sleep quality, and OTC medication use predicting poorer sleep quality.
Key Findings
Results
Pharmacy community members reported moderate stress, moderate coping, and poor sleep quality overall.
Mean Perceived Stress Scale score was 18.2 ± 5.7, indicating moderate stress
Mean Toulouse Coping Scale score was 30.2 ± 3.9, indicating moderate coping
Mean Brief Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score was 5.2 ± 3.1, indicating poor sleep quality (scores above 5 indicate poor sleep)
Sample of 147 respondents; most were female (77.6%), White (56.3%), and pharmacy students (49.6%)
Results
Stress was inversely correlated with coping and positively correlated with poor sleep quality.
Stress was inversely correlated with coping (r = -0.21, p = 0.009)
Stress was positively correlated with poor sleep quality (r = 0.24, p = 0.004)
These correlations suggest that higher stress is associated with lower coping ability and worse sleep
Results
Stress was a significant predictor of poorer sleep quality in multiple linear regression analysis.
A cross-sectional, mixed-method survey design was employed using validated scales
Correlation, multiple linear regression, and content analysis were conducted
Results
OTC medication use predicted poorer sleep quality, and both prescription and OTC medication use were associated with higher stress and lower coping.
OTC medication use predicted poorer sleep quality (p < 0.001)
Prescription and OTC medication use were associated with higher stress and lower coping (p < 0.05)
Medication use was self-reported by participants
Results
Qualitative analysis identified workload and emotional strain as primary stressors, and exercise and social support as key coping strategies.
Content analysis of qualitative responses yielded themes around workload and emotional strain as stressors
Exercise and social support were identified as the primary adaptive coping strategies
Findings were integrated using a joint display as part of the mixed-methods approach
What This Means
This research suggests that members of a college of pharmacy community — including students, faculty, and staff — commonly experience moderate levels of stress and coping ability, along with poor sleep quality. The study surveyed 147 participants and used both questionnaires and open-ended questions to understand how stress, coping, and sleep relate to each other. The results showed that people who reported higher stress also tended to cope less effectively and sleep more poorly, and that stress directly predicted worse sleep quality.
The study also found that people who used over-the-counter (OTC) medications had worse sleep quality, and both OTC and prescription medication users reported higher stress and lower coping — though the direction of these relationships (whether stress leads to medication use or vice versa) cannot be determined from this cross-sectional design. In the qualitative portion, participants described heavy workloads and emotional strain as major sources of stress, while exercise and social support were the strategies most commonly used to cope.
This research suggests that pharmacy colleges may benefit from developing programs that address stress management, teach adaptive coping skills, and promote healthy sleep habits together, rather than in isolation. The findings highlight that poor well-being is not limited to students alone but may affect the broader academic pharmacy community, pointing to the need for institution-wide wellness initiatives to support both academic success and long-term professional sustainability.
Geer A, Tikare O, Hulett H, Musa M, Edwards A, Chimalakonda S, et al.. (2026). Exploring the association between stress, coping, and sleep in a Midwestern College of Pharmacy Community: A mixed methods study.. Currents in pharmacy teaching & learning. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2026.102622