Gender-affirming hormone therapy for transgender and gender-diverse adults in Australia.

Trans individuals treated with testosterone typically receive standard testosterone doses and formulations recommended for cisgender men.

• This applies to transgender and gender-diverse adults seeking to align physical characteristics with their gender identity.
• The review is presented in an Australian clinical context.
• Standard cisgender male testosterone formulations are used without modification for trans individuals.

Trans individuals receiving estradiol GAHT are typically treated with estradiol in combination with an anti-androgen in those without orchidectomy.

• The combination therapy is specific to those who have not undergone orchidectomy.
• Anti-androgens are used alongside estradiol to suppress endogenous androgen production.
• This approach is described within the Australian clinical context.

Proactive monitoring and mitigation of cardiovascular risk factors is pertinent in all transgender and gender-diverse adults receiving GAHT.

• This recommendation applies universally across all transgender and gender-diverse adults, regardless of the type of hormone therapy received.
• Cardiovascular risk monitoring is highlighted as a key safety consideration in GAHT management.
• The review is a narrative review providing an overview of initiation and monitoring of GAHT.

Bone health is an important consideration specifically in transgender individuals using estradiol GAHT.

• Bone health monitoring is identified as a distinct concern for those on estradiol-based therapy.
• This consideration is separate from the cardiovascular risk monitoring recommended for all GAHT patients.
• The paper does not specify particular bone density screening intervals but flags it as an important clinical consideration.

GAHT is used to align physical characteristics with gender identity, reduce gender incongruence, and improve psychological functioning.

• Three distinct goals of GAHT are identified: physical alignment, reduction of gender incongruence, and psychological improvement.
• The paper describes this as a narrative review rather than a systematic review or meta-analysis.
• The review provides an overview of initiation and monitoring of GAHT in an Australian context.