Gender and Age Differences in Hypertension Screening and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Rural Kazakhstan.

Males reported significantly higher rates of smoking, e-cigarette use, alcohol consumption, and caffeine intake compared to females.

• Study population was 1200 participants (550 males, 650 females) in the Enbekshikazakh district, Kazakhstan.
• Data collected in May 2025 using a validated questionnaire adapted from the May Measurement Month survey.
• Differences in smoking, e-cigarette use, alcohol use, and caffeine intake were statistically significant at p=0.001.
• Cross-sectional design with Chi-square and t-tests used for statistical analysis.

Males showed higher measured blood pressure values than females despite hypertension diagnosis and treatment being more frequent among females.

• Higher measured blood pressure in males was statistically significant (p<0.001).
• Females were more frequently diagnosed with hypertension and more frequently on treatment.
• Males were more likely to have undiagnosed or uncontrolled hypertension based on measured values.
• This pattern suggests lower healthcare engagement among males in the rural Kazakhstani setting.

Abdominal obesity was significantly more prevalent in females than in males despite similar overall BMI and anthropometric measures.

• Abdominal obesity prevalence was 73.0% in females versus 40.4% in males.
• The difference was statistically significant (p=0.001).
• Overall BMI and other anthropometric measures were reported as similar between genders.
• Abdominal obesity is a recognized cardiovascular risk factor, making this a notable sex-specific finding.

Females demonstrated greater engagement in healthcare and preventive medication use compared to males.

• Females showed higher rates of preventive medication use.
• Females were more engaged in healthcare utilization overall.
• This pattern contrasted with males, who exhibited higher cardiovascular risk behaviors.
• The finding suggests gender differences in health-seeking behavior within this rural population.

Significant gender differences were observed across multiple behavioral and clinical cardiovascular risk factors in a rural Kazakhstani population.

• The study was conducted in May 2025 in the Enbekshikazakh district using a cross-sectional design.
• A total of 1200 adults participated (550 males, 650 females).
• The questionnaire was validated and adapted from the May Measurement Month survey.
• Statistical significance was set at p<0.05, with Chi-square and t-tests used for analysis.
• Findings indicate distinct gender patterns in lifestyle behaviors, cardiovascular risk factors, and health service utilization.