Sexual Health

Health policy challenges in Lebanon's healthcare system: on sexual and reproductive health and rights.

TL;DR

Lebanon's SRHR policies are hindered by political fragmentation, societal conservatism, and insufficient prioritisation, resulting in inadequate services and systemic inequities that require a gender-sensitive, inclusive healthcare policy positioning SRHR as a foundational pillar of public health.

Key Findings

Lebanon's commitments to international frameworks such as the ICPD and CEDAW have not translated into effective SRHR policy implementation.

  • Despite formal commitments to ICPD and CEDAW, SRHR policies remain hindered by political fragmentation and societal conservatism.
  • Insufficient prioritisation of SRHR at the policy level persists despite international obligations.
  • The gap between international commitments and domestic policy implementation represents a core structural failure identified in the commentary.

Family planning services in Lebanon are described as inadequate and inconsistent.

  • The commentary identifies inadequate and inconsistent family planning services as a direct consequence of policy deficiencies.
  • No comprehensive national family planning policy framework is described as being in place.
  • Marginalised communities including refugees, women, and youth face significant obstacles in accessing these services.

Comprehensive sexuality education is identified as lacking within Lebanon's healthcare and education systems.

  • The absence of comprehensive sexuality education is listed as one of several key SRHR deficiencies.
  • Societal conservatism is cited as a contributing factor to the lack of sexuality education.
  • Youth are specifically identified as a marginalised group particularly affected by this gap.

Maternal healthcare in Lebanon is described as inadequate, with significant access barriers for vulnerable populations.

  • Inadequate maternal healthcare is identified as a direct consequence of SRHR policy deficiencies.
  • Refugees, women, and youth are specifically named as communities facing the greatest obstacles to essential maternal health services.
  • Renewed episodes of violence and displacement are noted to further strain maternal and reproductive healthcare delivery.

Lebanon's 'Vision 2030' health strategy offers only limited engagement with SRHR, leaving systemic inequities unaddressed.

  • The commentary characterises Vision 2030 as 'ambitious in scope' but critically limited in its SRHR content.
  • Systemic inequities in SRHR are described as remaining unaddressed within the Vision 2030 framework.
  • The strategy's limited SRHR engagement is presented as a missed opportunity for sustainable policy reform.

Renewed violence and displacement episodes deepen healthcare disparities for vulnerable groups in Lebanon.

  • Ongoing political and economic turbulence, including episodes of violence and displacement, are identified as compounding SRHR service delivery failures.
  • Vulnerable groups including refugees and displaced persons face deepening disparities as a result of these crises.
  • The healthcare system's resilience is noted but described as insufficient to counteract the cumulative effects of these crises on SRHR.

Lebanon relies heavily on temporary, NGO-led initiatives to fill SRHR service gaps, reflecting broader policy paralysis and inconsistent resource allocation.

  • The reliance on NGO-led initiatives is described as a symptom of 'policy paralysis' rather than a sustainable solution.
  • Inconsistent resource allocation is identified as preventing the sustainable integration of SRHR into national health frameworks.
  • This dependence on temporary measures is presented as a structural barrier to long-term SRHR service provision.
  • The commentary calls for concerted efforts among government agencies, NGOs, and international partners to overhaul existing frameworks.

The commentary calls for a gender-sensitive, inclusive healthcare policy that positions SRHR as a foundational pillar of public health, gender justice, and social equity.

  • The authors advocate for SRHR to be repositioned as 'a foundational pillar of public health, gender justice, and social equity.'
  • Achieving this goal is described as requiring 'concerted efforts among government agencies, NGOs, and international partners.'
  • The commentary specifically calls for overhauling existing frameworks and addressing structural barriers.
  • Political fragmentation, societal conservatism, and insufficient prioritisation are identified as the primary obstacles to achieving this goal.

What This Means

This research examines the state of sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) — which includes family planning, maternal healthcare, and sexuality education — in Lebanon's healthcare system. Despite Lebanon having signed onto international agreements that commit it to protecting these rights, the authors find that actual policies and services fall far short. Political divisions, conservative social attitudes, and a lack of government prioritisation have resulted in patchy family planning services, no comprehensive sex education, and inadequate maternal care, with the worst impacts felt by refugees, women, and young people. Lebanon's national health strategy 'Vision 2030' is criticised for having very limited focus on these issues, leaving deep inequalities in place. The situation is made worse by Lebanon's ongoing crises — economic collapse, political instability, and repeated episodes of conflict and displacement — which further strain health services and deepen inequalities for the most vulnerable. Rather than having a robust national system for SRHR, Lebanon currently depends on temporary programmes run by non-governmental organisations (NGOs) to fill the gaps. The authors describe this as a sign of 'policy paralysis,' meaning the government has largely failed to build a sustainable, long-term approach to these health needs. This research suggests that Lebanon needs a fundamental shift in health policy to treat sexual and reproductive health as a core part of public health rather than an afterthought. The authors call for government agencies, NGOs, and international partners to work together to reform the health system in a way that is gender-sensitive and inclusive — ensuring that services reach everyone, including the most marginalised communities. The findings highlight how political and social barriers can prevent people from accessing basic healthcare services, with consequences for health outcomes, gender equality, and social equity.

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Citation

El Kak F, El Fakahany S, Kabakian-Khasholian T, McCall S, Saad G. (2025). Health policy challenges in Lebanon's healthcare system: on sexual and reproductive health and rights.. Sexual and reproductive health matters. https://doi.org/10.1080/26410397.2025.2525600