Heterogeneous trajectories of exercise self-efficacy and its predictors in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease: A longitudinal study.

Three distinct developmental trajectories of exercise self-efficacy were identified among patients with multivessel coronary artery disease.

• The three trajectories were labeled: 'Low-Efficacy Decline Group' (22%), 'High-Efficacy Ascending-Stable Group' (34%), and 'Moderate-Efficacy Continuous Increase Group' (44%).
• The latent class growth model (LCGM) was employed to identify these trajectories.
• Exercise self-efficacy was measured at four time points: third day of admission (T1), one month after discharge (T2), three months after discharge (T3), and six months after discharge (T4).
• A total of 297 patients with multivessel coronary artery disease were recruited from three tertiary hospitals in Tangshan, China, between September 2023 and October 2024.

Predictors of membership in the Low-Efficacy Decline Group (compared to the Moderate-Efficacy Continuous Increase Group) included having diabetes, lack of exercise habits, low social support, and anxiety.

• Multinomial logistic regression was used to determine the predictors of trajectory subgroup membership.
• The Low-Efficacy Decline Group comprised approximately 22% of the sample.
• Having diabetes was identified as a significant predictor for this group.
• Lack of exercise habits, low social support, and anxiety were also significant predictors distinguishing this group from the moderate-efficacy continuous increase group.

Predictors of membership in the High-Efficacy Ascending-Stable Group (compared to the Moderate-Efficacy Continuous Increase Group) included high average monthly household income, established exercise habits, and strong social support.

• The High-Efficacy Ascending-Stable Group comprised approximately 34% of the sample.
• Multinomial logistic regression identified high average monthly household income, established exercise habits, and strong social support as significant predictors for this group.
• These predictors were identified in contrast to those for the low-efficacy decline group, highlighting divergent socioeconomic and behavioral factors.

Exercise self-efficacy was measured using the Multidimensional Self-Efficacy for Exercise Scale across four longitudinal time points.

• Measurements were taken on the third day of admission (T1), one month after discharge (T2), three months after discharge (T3), and six months after discharge (T4).
• The study was conducted across three tertiary hospitals in Tangshan, China.
• The study recruited 297 patients with multivessel coronary artery disease over a period from September 2023 to October 2024.

The study found heterogeneous trajectories of exercise self-efficacy among patients with multivessel coronary artery disease, highlighting the necessity for personalized intervention strategies.

• The identification of three distinct trajectory subgroups indicates that exercise self-efficacy does not follow a uniform course in this patient population.
• The authors noted these findings offer a valuable opportunity for early prevention and targeted interventions aimed at enhancing exercise self-efficacy.
• Social support and exercise habits emerged as predictors relevant to multiple trajectory subgroups, suggesting their broad importance in this population.