Hormone therapy and cancer risks in transgender people: a systematic review.

Five studies met inclusion criteria for this rapid systematic review on hormone therapy and cancer risk in transgender people.

• Databases searched included PubMed, Embase, Virtual Health Library, Cochrane Library, and Epistemonikos.
• Four of the included studies were cohort studies and one was a case-control study.
• Screening and data extraction were performed by independent reviewers using the Rayyan platform.
• Data extraction was carried out by 3 independent reviewers.
• Methodological quality was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute checklists specific to cohort and case-control studies.

Two of five included studies identified a risk of transgender people developing cancer while on hormone therapy.

• Three of the five studies did not identify a cancer risk associated with hormone therapy.
• The review characterized included studies as having 'large sample sizes and rigorous selection criteria.'
• The split finding (2 positive, 3 negative) reflects the lack of consensus in the current literature.

The available literature does not present a consensus on the association between hormone therapy and the development of cancer in transgender people.

• Despite studies with large sample sizes and rigorous selection criteria, no consensus was found.
• Only 5 studies were ultimately included, indicating limited available evidence on this topic.
• The review was conducted as a 'rapid systematic review,' which may have implications for comprehensiveness.