Impact of Short-Term Dietary Restriction Combined with Amaranth and Canola Oil Supplementation on Salivary Adipokines in Adults with Obesity.

A 3-week calorie-restricted diet resulted in a significant reduction in salivary PAI-1 across all participants.

• The reduction in salivary PAI-1 was statistically significant (p = 0.0339).
• This finding applied across all 115 participants enrolled in the study.
• All participants followed a calorie-restricted diet regardless of group assignment.
• PAI-1 concentrations were measured using ELISA from non-stimulated saliva collected over 20 minutes.

A 3-week calorie-restricted diet resulted in a significant reduction in salivary serpin A12 across all participants.

• The reduction in salivary serpin A12 was statistically significant (p = 0.0001), the most significant p-value among the three adipokines measured.
• This finding applied across all 115 participants enrolled in the study.
• Serpin A12 concentrations were measured using ELISA from non-stimulated saliva collected over 20 minutes.
• Participants had a BMI > 30 kg/m2 at enrollment.

A 3-week calorie-restricted diet resulted in a significant reduction in salivary TNF-R1 across all participants.

• The reduction in salivary TNF-R1 was statistically significant (p = 0.0058).
• This finding applied across all 115 adults with obesity enrolled in the study.
• TNF-R1 concentrations were measured using ELISA from non-stimulated saliva collected over 20 minutes.
• Non-stimulated saliva was collected twice — before and after the 3-week intervention.

Amaranth oil supplementation combined with a calorie-restricted diet produced a significant increase in salivary flow rate.

• The increase in saliva flow rate was statistically significant in the amaranth oil group (p = 0.0367).
• 23 participants received 20 mL of amaranth oil daily for 3 weeks.
• The canola oil group and the control group did not show the same significant increase in salivary flow rate.
• Non-stimulated saliva was collected for 20 minutes each time to evaluate flow rate.

Both the amaranth oil and canola oil supplementation groups showed a significant rise in salivary pH.

• The increase in salivary pH was statistically significant for both oil supplementation groups (p = 0.0425).
• 21 participants received 20 mL of canola oil daily and 23 received 20 mL of amaranth oil daily for 3 weeks.
• Higher pH values indicate greater alkalinity of the saliva.
• The control group (n = 71) followed the same calorie-restricted diet without oil supplementation.

The study enrolled 115 adults with obesity who were placed on a 3-week calorie-restricted diet, with a subset receiving oil supplementation.

• Total enrollment was 115 adults with obesity defined as BMI > 30 kg/m2.
• The study group (n = 44) received oil supplementation: 21 participants received canola oil and 23 received amaranth oil, each at 20 mL daily.
• The control group (n = 71) followed the same calorie-restricted diet without oil supplementation.
• Salivary adipokines measured included serpin A12, PAI-1, and TNF-R1, analyzed via ELISA.
• Salivary flow rate and pH were also evaluated before and after the intervention.