Sexual Health

Improving the sexual health of couples with diabetes: study protocol of an action research study.

TL;DR

This study describes a protocol for an action research study designed to improve the sexual health of couples with diabetes using a four-phase approach combining qualitative and quantitative methods.

Key Findings

Diabetes is a global public health crisis with significant implications for sexual health, affecting more than 0.5 billion adults worldwide.

  • Diabetes affects more than 0.5 billion adults worldwide
  • Sexual dysfunction is described as more common in people with diabetes compared to the general population
  • Inefficiency in implementing family planning or childbearing, sexually transmitted infections, and sexual disorders can result from diabetes
  • Psychological consequences include feelings of inadequacy, despair, and loss of self-esteem

Diabetes can increase the risk of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), HIV infection, and hepatitis C transmission between affected couples.

  • The paper specifically identifies hepatitis C as a risk among couples with diabetes
  • HIV infection risk is noted as elevated in this population
  • The lack of a specific comprehensive health care program for sexual health in this group is identified as a contributing factor to these risks

The study protocol is designed as a four-phase action research study to develop, implement, and evaluate a sexual health promotion program for couples with diabetes.

  • Phase one (planning) includes needs assessment, literature review, solution identification, strategy prioritization, program development, and baseline measurement of sexual function and satisfaction
  • Phase two (action) involves implementation of the program developed in phase one
  • Phases three and four involve continuous observation and reflection to adjust and improve the program
  • Data sources include couples with diabetes, personnel of diabetes clinics, and health system policymakers

The study will use a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis techniques.

  • Qualitative data analysis will use conventional content analysis method
  • Quantitative data analysis will be performed with SPSS 27 statistical software
  • Data collection methods include semi-structured and structured interviews, standardized and researcher-made questionnaires, and literature review
  • Both qualitative and quantitative approaches are used in phase one for needs and challenges assessment

The action research approach was chosen because it is accepted as a method to change attitudes, behavior, and performance in health systems.

  • Action research has a dual purpose: action (to bring about change in society, organization, or program) and research (to increase understanding)
  • The technical action research method is described as enabling a multidisciplinary research team to implement plans derived from participants' own needs
  • The research team is described as consisting of 'various relevant experts'
  • The final output will be a comprehensive program to improve the sexual health of couples with diabetes, developed after examining strengths and weaknesses of the implemented program

What This Means

This paper describes a research protocol — essentially a detailed plan — for a study that aims to improve the sexual health of couples living with diabetes. The researchers note that diabetes, which affects over 500 million adults globally, can cause sexual dysfunction, reduce marital satisfaction, and increase the risk of sexually transmitted infections including HIV and hepatitis C. Despite these serious consequences, there is currently no comprehensive health care program specifically addressing the sexual health needs of people with diabetes and their partners. To address this gap, the research team plans to use an 'action research' approach, which means they will work directly with people affected by the problem — including diabetic couples, diabetes clinic staff, and health policymakers — to understand their needs, design a solution, put it into practice, and then continuously refine it. The study will unfold in four phases: first assessing needs and developing a tailored program, then implementing it, and finally monitoring and improving it based on what is observed. Both interviews and questionnaires will be used to gather information. This research suggests that by involving patients, healthcare workers, and policymakers together in designing sexual health programs, it may be possible to create more practical and effective interventions for this underserved population. The study has not yet been completed — this paper only describes the planned methodology — so no outcomes data are available yet. If successful, the approach could serve as a model for developing targeted sexual health programs for people with chronic conditions.

Have a question about this study?

Citation

Meamar F, Dastjerdi M, Salehi P, Ghahramannejad N, Boromandfar Z. (2025). Improving the sexual health of couples with diabetes: study protocol of an action research study.. Reproductive health. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-025-01964-9