Incidental Lifestyle Physical Activity and Its Relationships With Overall Frailty and Frailty Domains in Community-Dwelling Older Japanese.

ILPA was negatively associated with overall frailty in community-dwelling older Japanese adults.

• A total of 15,302 community-dwelling adults aged 65 years and older in Osaka, Japan were invited to participate via mailed survey.
• The response rate was 49.03%.
• ILPA was assessed using a single-item question: 'Are you trying to be physically active in your daily life, for example, through housework or transportation?'
• Frailty was assessed using the validated Kihon Checklist based on its scoring manual.
• Logistic regression analyses were used to investigate associations between ILPA and overall frailty.

ILPA was negatively associated with all six frailty domains assessed: physical, nutritional, oral, social, cognitive, and mental.

• Frailty domains assessed included physical, nutritional, oral, social, cognitive, and mental domains.
• All domain associations were identified through logistic regression analyses.
• Most associations were evident regardless of age and sex.
• The Kihon Checklist was used to assess each frailty domain based on its scoring manual.

The association between ILPA and the physical domain of frailty was stronger in males than in females.

• The interaction between ILPA and sex for the physical domain of frailty was statistically significant (p for interaction = 0.01).
• Subgroup and interaction analyses were used to determine age and sex differences.
• This sex-specific difference was identified among community-dwelling adults aged 65 years and older.

The association between ILPA and the mental domain of frailty was stronger in females than in males.

• The interaction between ILPA and sex for the mental domain of frailty was statistically significant (p for interaction = 0.007).
• Subgroup analysis and interaction analysis were used to determine sex differences.
• This finding suggests sex-specific differences in how ILPA relates to mental frailty.

Most associations between ILPA and frailty outcomes were evident regardless of age and sex.

• Subgroup and interaction analyses were conducted to determine age and sex differences.
• Exceptions were noted for the physical domain (stronger in males) and mental domain (stronger in females).
• The study population consisted of community-dwelling adults aged 65 years and older in Osaka, Japan.