Sexual Health

Interventions addressing impacts of climate change on sexual and reproductive health and rights in sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review.

TL;DR

There is limited evidence on interventions at the intersection of climate change and SRHR in sub-Saharan Africa, with only seven documents meeting inclusion criteria, revealing a siloed approach to programming that impedes effective integration.

Key Findings

Only seven documents were identified in the scoping review as addressing interventions at the intersection of climate change and sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) in sub-Saharan Africa.

  • Data search was conducted in peer-reviewed journal databases and from grey literature on official websites of selected organizations.
  • The review followed Arksey and O'Malley's framework for scoping reviews.
  • Data charting was conducted using the Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome (PICO) tool in Covidence.
  • The small number of included documents (n=7) reflects the authors' characterization of 'limited evidence on interventions at the intersection of climate change and SRHR.'

The SRHR components addressed by identified interventions were limited to Maternal and Child Health, HIV prevention, and a combination of maternal and child health and family planning.

  • Only three SRHR domains had any documented interventions in the climate change context.
  • Other SRHR components including gender-based violence, harmful practices, and abortion care had no targeted interventions identified.
  • This gap suggests that the majority of SRHR domains remain unaddressed in climate change programming in sub-Saharan Africa.

Documented interventions were found to be implicit about climate risks and focused on impact pathways rather than directly targeting SRHR outcomes.

  • Interventions did not directly target SRHR but instead addressed related impact pathways.
  • No interventions were found that specifically targeted vulnerable and marginalized groups such as women, children, adolescent girls, and people living with HIV.
  • The authors note that climate change impacts can worsen the SRHR situation for these high-risk groups.

A siloed approach to SRHR and climate change programming was identified as a key barrier impeding intervention integration.

  • Climate change programming and SRHR programming were found to operate separately rather than in an integrated manner.
  • Limited policy integration was identified as a deterrent to effective integration.
  • Financial constraints and poor recognition of SRHR within climate change frameworks were also identified as barriers.
  • These structural barriers collectively prevent the development of coordinated, cross-sectoral interventions.

Sub-Saharan Africa faces compounding vulnerabilities including high susceptibility to climate change, high levels of inequality, and poor SRHR outcomes simultaneously.

  • The authors describe this as a 'triple challenge' of high vulnerability to climate change impacts, high levels of inequality, and poor SRHR outcomes.
  • High-risk groups identified include women, children, adolescent girls, and people living with HIV.
  • The region's existing SRHR deficits make it particularly susceptible to further deterioration from climate-related stressors.

Effective and equitable integration of climate change and SRHR programming requires recognition of population growth impacts and deliberate investments across research, policies, programs, interventions, and financing.

  • The authors call for recognition of population growth impacts alongside SRHR issues in climate frameworks.
  • Recommended investment areas span research, policies, programs, interventions, and financing.
  • The stated goal of such integration is to 'address critical SRHR gaps and climate vulnerabilities to enhance resilience.'
  • No existing interventions were found to be targeting this integrated resilience-building approach.

What This Means

This research systematically searched scientific databases and organizational websites to find programs or interventions that address both climate change and sexual and reproductive health (including maternal care, family planning, HIV prevention, and related issues) in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite conducting a thorough search, researchers found only seven relevant documents — a strikingly small number that highlights how little attention has been paid to this intersection. The few interventions that did exist focused narrowly on maternal and child health and HIV prevention, leaving out many other important areas like gender-based violence, abortion care, and harmful practices. The review found that climate change programs and sexual and reproductive health programs are largely being run in separate silos, with little coordination between them. The interventions that do exist tend to address indirect pathways rather than directly tackling how climate change worsens reproductive health outcomes. Crucially, no interventions were specifically designed to protect the most vulnerable groups — including women, adolescent girls, and people living with HIV — even though these populations are known to be most at risk when climate-related crises like droughts, floods, or displacement occur. This research suggests that sub-Saharan Africa, which already faces significant challenges related to climate vulnerability and reproductive health inequities, has a major gap in coordinated policy and programming. The study points to limited funding, weak policy frameworks, and organizational fragmentation as key reasons why this gap persists. Addressing it would require deliberate investments that treat climate change and reproductive health as interconnected problems rather than separate issues managed by different institutions.

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Citation

Amadi J, Odwe G, Obare F, Sambai B, Kangwana B. (2025). Interventions addressing impacts of climate change on sexual and reproductive health and rights in sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review.. PloS one. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0329201