Molecular epidemiology of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism and its association with type 2 diabetes mellitus at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital.

The MTHFR C677T polymorphism was significantly associated with T2DM, with CT and TT genotypes increasing susceptibility compared to the CC genotype.

• PCR-RFLP was used to detect the MTHFR C677T polymorphism in 140 T2DM patients and 140 controls
• Both heterozygous CT and homozygous TT genotypes were associated with increased T2DM risk versus the wild-type CC genotype
• Results were reported as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals; p < 0.05 was the significance threshold
• Analysis was conducted using chi-square tests and logistic regression

Age was significantly associated with T2DM risk, with individuals aged 30–44 and 45–59 having higher odds of T2DM than those aged 18–29.

• The study used a comparative cross-sectional design with 140 T2DM patients and 140 controls
• Age groups 30–44 and 45–59 showed elevated T2DM odds compared to the reference group of 18–29 years
• Logistic regression was used to assess the independent association of age with T2DM
• Results were reported as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals

High blood pressure, family history of diabetes, alcohol use, and smoking were identified as significant risk factors for T2DM.

• These factors were identified via logistic regression analysis among 140 T2DM patients and 140 controls
• Non-random purposive sampling was used to recruit participants at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital
• Data included sociodemographic and lifestyle factors as well as clinical examinations
• p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant

Underweight status showed higher but non-significant odds of T2DM compared to normal weight.

• Body weight category was assessed as part of clinical examination data collected for all 280 participants
• The association between underweight and T2DM did not reach statistical significance (p ≥ 0.05)
• Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association
• Results were expressed as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals

Vegetable intake and physical activity were not significantly associated with T2DM risk in this study population.

• Both vegetable intake and physical activity were assessed as part of lifestyle factor data collection
• Neither variable reached statistical significance (p ≥ 0.05) in logistic regression analysis
• The study included 140 T2DM patients and 140 healthy controls
• These findings were noted despite general evidence supporting protective roles of diet and exercise in T2DM

The study was conducted as a comparative cross-sectional study using non-random purposive sampling at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Ethiopia.

• A total of 280 participants were enrolled: 140 T2DM patients and 140 controls
• Non-random purposive sampling was used for participant selection
• Data collection included sociodemographic factors, lifestyle factors, clinical examinations, and PCR-RFLP genotyping
• Statistical analysis included chi-square tests and logistic regression, with results reported as OR with 95% CI