The MI mortality rate in permanent residents in Hebei showed an upward trend from 2014 to 2022, with men generally having higher mortality than women, indicating that prevention and control of MI is still challenging.
Key Findings
Results
The overall crude and age-standardized mortality rates of myocardial infarction in Hebei Province permanent residents from 2014 to 2022 were 79.15/100,000 and 86.22/100,000, respectively.
Data were collected from 531,200 MI deaths in the mortality surveillance database of Hebei Provincial CDC during 2014–2022.
The 7th National Population Census data were used as the standard population for age-standardization.
Crude mortality rate was 79.15/100,000 and age-standardized mortality rate was 86.22/100,000 across the entire study period.
Results
Crude MI mortality rates showed statistically significant upward trends in the total population, men, and women over the study period.
AAPC for total population crude mortality rate = 13.28% (P<0.001).
AAPC for men crude mortality rate = 13.19% (P<0.001).
AAPC for women crude mortality rate = 13.61% (P<0.001).
All three groups showed upward trends with P<0.001.
Results
Age-standardized MI mortality rates also showed statistically significant upward trends in the total population, men, and women.
AAPC for total population age-standardized mortality rate = 7.37% (P<0.05).
AAPC for men age-standardized mortality rate = 11.32% (P<0.05).
AAPC for women age-standardized mortality rate = 13.41% (P<0.05).
Women had a higher AAPC than men for age-standardized rates.
Results
MI mortality rates in the 0–14 and 15–64 age groups showed upward trends throughout the full 2014–2022 study period.
AAPC for the 0–14 age group = 35.56% (P<0.05).
AAPC for the 15–64 age group = 9.75% (P<0.05).
Both age groups demonstrated statistically significant upward trends over the entire study period.
Results
MI mortality in the ≥65 years age group showed an upward trend only during 2014–2017, not across the full study period.
AAPC for the ≥65 age group during 2014–2017 = 26.41% (P=0.011).
The upward trend in the ≥65 age group was limited to the 2014–2017 subperiod.
Analysis was conducted using Joinpoint 5.3.0 software.
Results
Age effects on MI mortality were pronounced, with the 77–79 age group showing substantially higher risk than the 20–22 age group.
Age effect coefficients for the 77–79 age group were 270.60 times higher than the 20–22 age group in men.
Age effect coefficients were 119.14 times higher in women and 226.40 times higher in the total population for the same age comparison.
The age-period-cohort model was used to evaluate age, period, and cohort effects.
Results
Period effects showed that MI death risk increased substantially from the 2014–2016 period to the 2020–2022 period.
MI death risk during 2020–2022 was 1.78 times higher than during 2014–2016 in men.
MI death risk during 2020–2022 was 1.63 times higher than during 2014–2016 in women.
MI death risk during 2020–2022 was 1.78 times higher than during 2014–2016 in the total population.
Results
Cohort effects showed dramatically higher MI death risk in those born during 1999–2001 compared to those born during 1936–1938.
MI death risk was 375.83 times higher in men born during 1999–2001 than in those born during 1936–1938.
MI death risk was 183.30 times higher in women born during 1999–2001 than in those born during 1936–1938.
MI death risk was 298.38 times higher in the total population born during 1999–2001 than in those born during 1936–1938.
The cohort effect was larger in men than in women.
Wang Y, Ma R, Jin Y, Wang M, Yan L. (2026). [Mortality trend of myocardial infarction and its age-period-cohort effects in permanent residents in Hebei Province, 2014-2022].. Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi = Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi. https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250613-00396