Novel Therapeutic Approaches for Treating Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis in Infants with Polyvalent Allergic Sensitisation.

The experimental group achieved a reduction in SCORAD index of more than 60% by week eight.

• Randomised controlled trial included 87 children aged 3 to 12 months.
• SCORAD index reduced to 21.4 ± 6.5 in the experimental group by week 8.
• The experimental group received combined therapy comprising pseudoceramides, a calcineurin inhibitor, and an oral synbiotic.
• The control group received standard therapy with emollients and antihistamines and showed less-pronounced positive dynamics.

Pruritus severity decreased 2.7-fold in the experimental group according to the VAS scale by week eight.

• VAS score reduced to 2.9 ± 1.3 in the experimental group.
• This was accompanied by improved sleep, reduced irritability, and decreased behavioural disturbances.
• POEM score also showed a 61% reduction, reaching 7.3 in the experimental group.

Combined therapy was associated with significant immunological changes indicating attenuation of the Th2-mediated immune response.

• Significant decrease in total and specific IgE levels was observed.
• Marked reduction in IL-4 and IL-13 concentrations was recorded.
• The prevalence of severe sensitisation decreased by 20%.

Microbiota analysis demonstrated restoration of microbial balance in the experimental group.

• Bifidobacterium spp. abundance increased by 89% (p = 0.011).
• Alpha-diversity as measured by the Shannon index increased by 27% (p = 0.004).
• E. coli levels were reduced by 36% (p = 0.018).