Outcomes Associated With a WhatsApp-Based Telehealth Education Program and Remote Follow-Up on Blood Pressure, Medication Adherence, and Self-Care: Formative Quasi-Experimental Pilot Study.

All 40 enrolled participants completed the 8-week WhatsApp-based telehealth pilot and provided paired baseline and postintervention data.

• Participants were 40 adults aged 28-60 years with primary hypertension recruited from a university hospital in Jordan.
• The design was a quasi-experimental, single-group pretest-posttest pilot study.
• Data were analyzed with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests.

Hypertension-related knowledge scores were higher after the intervention than at baseline.

• Reported effect: r=0.840; P<.001.
• Knowledge was measured with the Blood Pressure Knowledge Scale.
• This was the largest effect size among the reported outcomes.

Self-care behavior scores were higher after the intervention than at baseline.

• Reported effect: r=0.524; P=.001.
• Self-care was measured with the Blood Pressure Self-Care Scale.

Medication adherence scores were lower after the intervention, indicating better adherence.

• Reported effect: r=0.805; P<.001.
• Adherence was measured with the Hill-Bone Scale, on which lower scores indicate better adherence.

Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were both lower after the intervention than at baseline.

• Systolic blood pressure: r=.434; P=.006.
• Diastolic blood pressure: r=.684; P<.001.
• Blood pressure was measured with electronic sphygmomanometers at baseline and after the intervention.

The intervention was an 8-week hybrid mHealth program combining home blood pressure monitoring training, daily WhatsApp educational messages, and biweekly nurse and dietitian phone consultations.

• Daily multimedia messages covered diet, exercise, and medication.
• Participants were trained in home blood pressure monitoring.
• Structured telephone consultations with a nurse and dietitian occurred every two weeks.

The authors caution that the single-group design without a control group does not establish intervention effectiveness or causality.

• Findings were drawn from a selected sample of 40 adults.
• Results are described as preliminary evidence supporting further controlled evaluation.
• The study is described as formative, assessing feasibility in the Jordanian context.