Sexual Health

Person-centred HIV care and prevention for youth in rural South Africa: preliminary implementation findings from Thetha Nami ngithethe nawe stepped-wedge trial of peer-navigator mobilization into mobile sexual health services.

TL;DR

Community-based peer navigators reached 74.9% of youth in a rural South African population and successfully linked adolescents and young adults with mobile sexual and reproductive health services, achieving high HIV testing uptake and identifying substantial unmet prevention and care needs.

Key Findings

Peer navigators reached the large majority of youth in the target population across 20 intervention clusters.

  • Between June 2022 and September 2023, peer navigators reached 9742 (74.9%) of the 13,000 youth in the target population.
  • 46.8% of those reached were male.
  • The intervention was delivered in a rural health and demographic surveillance site in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
  • Youth aged 15–30 years were targeted across 20 intervention clusters during the first period of the stepped-wedge trial.

Among youth who received needs assessments, a substantial proportion were identified as having medium to high health needs or social needs requiring referral.

  • Among 9576 individuals with a completed needs assessment, 4138 (43.5%) had medium to high health needs.
  • 141 (1.5%) individuals were identified as having social needs.
  • These individuals were referred to nurse-led mobile sexual and reproductive health (SRH) clinics.
  • Of those referred, 2269 (54.8%) attended the mobile clinics, including 959 (42.3%) males.

HIV testing uptake among mobile clinic attendees was high, and a notable proportion of attendees tested positive for HIV.

  • HIV testing uptake was 92.7% (2103/2269) among clinic attendees.
  • 10.1% (212/2103) of those tested were positive for HIV.
  • 62 (29.2%) of those who tested HIV-positive started ART for the first time.
  • HIV prevalence was significantly higher among females compared to males (15.1% vs. 3.3%; p < 0.001).

A substantial proportion of clinic attendees were eligible for PrEP, indicating high unmet HIV prevention need in the population.

  • 96.8% of clinic attendees were screened for PrEP eligibility.
  • 38.5% of those screened were deemed eligible and offered oral PrEP.
  • Standard of care was PrEP delivered through primary health clinics, against which this mobile delivery was compared.
  • The intervention provided status-neutral ART and oral PrEP through mobile SRH clinics.

Sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevalence was high among clinic attendees, with females disproportionately affected, and the majority received treatment.

  • 1433 (63.2%) of clinic attendees were tested for STIs.
  • 418 (29.2%) of those tested were positive for an STI.
  • Females had significantly higher STI prevalence than males (37.2% vs. 17.9%; p < 0.001).
  • 385 (92.1%) of those who tested positive for an STI received treatment.

Contraceptive use among female clinic attendees was very low at initial visit, but a substantial proportion started contraception during the trial.

  • Among 1310 female clinic attendees, 769 (58.7%) reported not using any contraception at their initial visit.
  • Of those not using contraception, 275 (35.8%) started contraception during the trial.
  • This indicates high unmet need for contraception in the target population.

The trial used a cluster-randomized stepped-wedge design across 40 rural clusters to evaluate the peer-navigator and mobile clinic intervention.

  • 40 clusters were randomized within a rural health and demographic surveillance site in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
  • Clusters were randomized to receive the intervention in period 1 (early) or period 2 (delayed).
  • This paper reports findings from the 20 intervention clusters during the first period only.
  • The trial is registered as NCT05405582.
  • Trained area-based peer navigators conducted needs assessments and provided tailored health promotion, psychosocial support, and referrals.

What This Means

This research describes early findings from a large trial in rural South Africa testing whether trained community peer navigators—young people from the same communities—could help connect adolescents and young adults (ages 15–30) with HIV testing, HIV prevention medication (PrEP), and other sexual health services delivered through mobile clinics. In just over a year, peer navigators made contact with nearly three-quarters of the roughly 13,000 young people in the target area, assessed their health and social needs, and referred those with unmet needs to mobile health clinics staffed by nurses. More than half of those referred actually attended a clinic visit, including a meaningful proportion of males—a group that is often hard to reach through conventional health services. Among those who attended the mobile clinics, the findings revealed substantial unmet health needs. Nearly one in ten people who tested for HIV were positive, and among those newly diagnosed, about a third started HIV treatment for the first time at that visit. Almost 30% of those tested for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) were found to have one, and most received treatment on the spot. More than half of female attendees were not using any contraception when they arrived, and over a third of those women started contraception by the end of the study. Women faced heavier burdens of both HIV and STIs compared to men. These findings highlight how much need exists in the community that conventional clinic-based services are not reaching. This research suggests that community-based, person-centred approaches—using trusted peer navigators and bringing services directly to young people rather than waiting for them to seek care—can successfully identify and engage at-risk youth who would otherwise be missed. The high rates of HIV and STIs found among those referred by peer navigators confirm that this model is effectively targeting people with real health needs. The full results of the trial, comparing outcomes between communities that received the intervention earlier versus later, are still pending, but these preliminary findings support the feasibility and reach of this type of youth-focused, mobile health service model in resource-limited rural settings.

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Citation

Busang J, Ngoma N, Zuma T, Herbst C, Okesola N, Chimbindi N, et al.. (2025). Person-centred HIV care and prevention for youth in rural South Africa: preliminary implementation findings from Thetha Nami ngithethe nawe stepped-wedge trial of peer-navigator mobilization into mobile sexual health services.. Journal of the International AIDS Society. https://doi.org/10.1002/jia2.70032