Plasma levels of adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine, serotonin, and cortisol in sarcopenia: comparison with non-sarcopenic individuals and the impact of resistance exercise and nutrition interventions.

Sarcopenic individuals had significantly lower plasma serotonin levels compared to non-sarcopenic individuals.

• Serotonin levels: 13.28 ng/mL in sarcopenic vs 19.21 ng/mL in non-sarcopenic participants (p = 0.002).
• Generalized estimating equations adjusted for age and gender confirmed the association (β = -5.92, p = 0.002).
• Study included 57 sarcopenic and 57 non-sarcopenic participants from the same cohort.
• Plasma levels were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Sarcopenic individuals had significantly lower plasma adrenaline levels compared to non-sarcopenic individuals.

• Adrenaline levels: 97.6 pg/mL in sarcopenic vs 110.9 pg/mL in non-sarcopenic participants (p < 0.001).
• Generalized estimating equations adjusted for age and gender confirmed the association (β = -13.32, p < 0.001).
• Plasma levels were assessed using ELISA.

Sarcopenic individuals had significantly lower plasma noradrenaline levels compared to non-sarcopenic individuals.

• Noradrenaline levels: 169.2 pg/mL in sarcopenic vs 302.5 pg/mL in non-sarcopenic participants (p < 0.001).
• Generalized estimating equations adjusted for age and gender confirmed the association (β = -132.9, p < 0.001).
• Plasma levels were assessed using ELISA.

Dopamine levels showed a trend toward reduction in sarcopenic individuals but did not reach statistical significance.

• Dopamine levels: 246.9 pg/mL in sarcopenic vs 270.6 pg/mL in non-sarcopenic participants (p = 0.053).
• The result was described as 'a trend toward reduced dopamine.'
• Plasma levels were assessed using ELISA.

Cortisol levels were not significantly different between sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic individuals.

• Cortisol levels: 48.2 ng/mL in sarcopenic vs 49.5 ng/mL in non-sarcopenic participants (p = 0.436).
• Plasma levels were assessed using ELISA.
• The study had hypothesized that sarcopenia may disrupt the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, affecting hormone levels.

A 12-week resistance exercise and nutritional supplementation intervention significantly increased plasma noradrenaline levels in sarcopenic individuals.

• The intervention raised noradrenaline levels (β = 27.75, p = 0.001) in generalized estimating equations adjusted for age and gender.
• The intervention consisted of resistance exercise combined with supplementation of branched-chain amino acids, calcium, and vitamin D3 over 12 weeks.
• The intervention was evaluated as a post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial.
• No statistically significant intervention effects on serotonin, adrenaline, dopamine, or cortisol were reported.

The study was a post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial comparing sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic participants with matched cohort composition.

• 57 sarcopenic and 57 non-sarcopenic participants were drawn from the same cohort.
• Grip strength and body composition were measured to classify sarcopenia.
• Plasma neurotransmitters and cortisol were assessed using ELISA.
• Generalized estimating equations were used for statistical analysis, adjusted for age and gender.