Prevalence of dyslipidaemia and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol target attainment: a descriptive cross-sectional study among adults in the Western Province of Sri Lanka.

The age-sex standardised prevalence of any form of dyslipidaemia was 73.3% among adults in the Western Province of Sri Lanka.

• 95% CI: 70.9% to 75.7%
• Data from 1333 subjects were analysed from an original recruitment of 1800
• Mean age was 49.8 (±14.9) years; majority were females (63.6%)
• Age-standardised prevalence in females was 77.1% (95% CI 74.3% to 79.9%) and in males was 69.3% (95% CI 65.3% to 73.3%)
• Participants were non-institutionalised adults aged ≥20 years recruited via multistage stratified random cluster sampling

Low HDL-C was the most prevalent type of dyslipidaemia, followed by high LDL-C and high triglycerides.

• Low HDL-C prevalence: 46.6% (95% CI 43.9% to 49.3%)
• High LDL-C prevalence: 32.5% (95% CI 30.0% to 35.0%)
• High triglycerides prevalence: 21.7% (95% CI 19.5% to 23.9%)
• Dyslipidaemia was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Programme/Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines

Low HDL-C was positively associated with smoking and inversely associated with male sex and physical activity.

• Smoking was positively associated with low HDL-C: OR 1.89 (95% CI 1.16 to 3.18)
• Male sex was inversely associated with low HDL-C: OR 0.29 (95% CI 0.19 to 0.45)
• Physical activity was inversely associated with low HDL-C: OR 0.71 (95% CI 0.51 to 0.99)
• Results reported as adjusted ORs from multiple logistic regression

Elevated LDL-C was significantly associated with male sex, diabetes, and hypertension.

• Male sex: OR 1.84 (95% CI 1.2 to 2.89)
• Diabetes: OR 5.34 (95% CI 3.53 to 8.08)
• Hypertension: OR 1.62 (95% CI 1.18 to 2.23)
• Results reported as adjusted ORs from multiple logistic regression

Elevated triglycerides were positively associated with male sex, diabetes, and hypertension, while urban sector was protective.

• Male sex: OR 1.85 (95% CI 1.08 to 3.18)
• Diabetes: OR 1.9 (95% CI 1.4 to 2.58)
• Hypertension: OR 1.81 (95% CI 1.12 to 2.91)
• Urban sector was inversely associated: OR 0.54 (95% CI 0.32 to 0.91)

Any form of dyslipidaemia was inversely associated with physical activity and male sex, and positively associated with diabetes, hypertension, and BMI.

• Physical activity: OR 0.65 (95% CI 0.44 to 0.98)
• Male sex: OR 0.52 (95% CI 0.31 to 0.89)
• Diabetes: OR 7.08 (95% CI 3.99 to 12.55)
• Hypertension: OR 1.93 (95% CI 1.36 to 2.73)
• BMI: OR 1.06 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.2)

The majority of participants aged ≥40 years had a less than 10% 10-year CVD risk, yet nearly two-thirds of this low-risk group failed to achieve the LDL-C target.

• 66.6% of participants had a <10% 10-year CVD risk, assessed using the WHO laboratory-based CVD risk chart for South-East Asia
• 64.9% (95% CI 60.1 to 69.8) of low-risk participants did not achieve the LDL-C target of <3.0 mmol/L
• LDL-C target attainment was evaluated according to the Sri Lankan guidelines on management for dyslipidaemia
• CVD risk assessment was restricted to participants aged ≥40 years