[Risk factors of unfavorable clinical outcome in orbital granulomatosis with polyangiitis].

The study cohort of 107 orbital GPA patients was predominantly composed of localized disease cases.

• A systemic form of the disease was identified in 37 (34.6%) patients.
• A localized form of GPA was observed in 70 (65.4%) patients.
• Total cohort size was 107 patients with orbital GPA.

Visual acuity outcomes varied widely among orbital GPA patients, with a majority retaining good vision but a subset experiencing severe visual loss.

• Visual acuity of 0.7 or higher was recorded in 69 (64.5%) patients.
• Visual acuity below 0.7 was noted in 30 (28%) patients.
• Blindness was detected in 3 (2.8%) cases.
• Anophthalmos was present in 5 (4.7%) patients.

Oculomotor disorders were a common outcome in orbital GPA patients.

• Oculomotor disorders were observed in the outcome in 44 (41.1%) patients.
• In 25 (23.4%) individuals, ocular motility was limited in one or more directions with or without diplopia in those gaze positions, but orthotropia was maintained in primary gaze.
• Severe oculomotor impairment, characterized by strabismus and/or binocular diplopia in primary gaze position, was identified in 19 (17.7%) patients.

Overall, a favorable clinical outcome of orbital inflammation in GPA was observed in the majority of patients, but more than one-quarter had an unfavorable outcome.

• A favorable outcome of orbital inflammation in GPA was observed in 62.6% of cases.
• An unfavorable outcome occurred in 27.4% of patients.
• This was demonstrated in a cohort of 107 patients.

Several clinical and laboratory factors were identified as unfavorable prognostic factors for orbital GPA outcomes.

• Positive antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) were identified as an unfavorable prognostic factor.
• A systemic form of the disease was identified as an unfavorable prognostic factor.
• Diffuse orbital inflammation was identified as an unfavorable prognostic factor.
• The presence of optic neuropathy during the active phase of orbital inflammation was identified as an unfavorable prognostic factor.
• The presence of peripheral ulcerative keratitis (PUK) during the active phase of orbital inflammation was identified as an unfavorable prognostic factor.

A formula for predicting clinical outcome in orbital GPA was proposed for the first time.

• Risk factors of an unfavorable outcome were identified for the first time in this study.
• A formula for predicting clinical outcome was proposed based on the identified risk factors.
• The analysis was conducted on a large clinical cohort of 107 patients.