Self-reported physical activity and attention performance in children aged 10-11 years.

PAQ-C scores were significantly correlated with total number of items processed (PRZ) and concentration performance (VS) but not with percentage of errors (Ch%).

• Sample consisted of 423 children (213 girls and 210 boys; mean age 10.66 ± 0.43 years)
• Physical activity was assessed using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C)
• Cognitive performance was measured with the d2-R Test of Attention
• Statistically significant correlations were found between PAQ-C scores and PRZ and VS
• The association between PAQ-C and percentage of errors (Ch%) was not significant

Multivariate general linear model confirmed that PAQ-C was a significant predictor of processing speed (PRZ) and concentration performance (VS) but not error rate (Ch%).

• PAQ-C was significantly associated with PRZ (β = 2.596, p = 0.003)
• PAQ-C was significantly associated with VS (β = 1.973, p = 0.012)
• PAQ-C was not significantly associated with Ch% (p = 0.281)
• Data were analyzed using Pearson correlations and a multivariate general linear model (GLM)

Gender was a significant predictor of both PRZ and VS in the multivariate GLM.

• The sample included 213 girls and 210 boys
• Gender was identified as a significant predictor of total number of items processed (PRZ) and concentration performance (VS)
• Gender was included alongside PAQ-C in the multivariate general linear model

The study design precludes causal inference regarding the relationship between physical activity and attentional functioning.

• The study employed a cross-sectional design
• Physical activity was measured via self-report rather than objective assessment
• Authors note the need for longitudinal and intervention-based research
• Authors acknowledge that 'causal inference is not possible' given these limitations