Sexual Health

Sexual and reproductive health after surgical procedures - the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration.

TL;DR

Embedding sexual and reproductive health into standard perioperative pathways via a six-step algorithm is feasible and improves functional outcomes and patient satisfaction after colorectal, vascular, and spinal surgical procedures.

Key Findings

Sexual and reproductive health remains under-recognized in surgical care despite its decisive impact on quality of life and overall outcomes.

  • The paper identifies this gap through narrative synthesis of recent guidance including EAU 2025, AUA 2024, ISSM/ESSM, and NCCN/ASCO guidelines.
  • The authors characterize sexual and reproductive health as having a 'decisive impact on quality of life and overall outcomes.'
  • The review covers sequelae after colorectal, vascular, and spinal procedures.

Core mechanisms underlying sexual and reproductive dysfunction after surgery include autonomic denervation, vascular and hormonal factors, pain and scarring, and altered body image.

  • Four distinct mechanistic pathways are identified: autonomic denervation, vascular/hormonal factors, pain/scarring, and altered body image.
  • These mechanisms were identified through narrative synthesis of recent clinical evidence and guidelines.
  • The mechanisms apply across colorectal, vascular, and spinal procedure categories.

Pelvic oncologic surgeries, specifically low anterior resection, radical prostatectomy, and radical cystectomy, are identified as high-risk procedures for sexual and reproductive sequelae.

  • These procedures are explicitly categorized as 'high-risk procedures' for sexual and reproductive dysfunction.
  • The finding is based on synthesis of current guidance from EAU 2025, AUA 2024, ISSM/ESSM, and NCCN/ASCO.
  • Both low anterior resection (colorectal) and radical prostatectomy/cystectomy (urologic) are included in the high-risk category.

Early penile rehabilitation using PDE5 inhibitors with or without vacuum devices is identified as a high-value intervention for men after pelvic surgery.

  • PDE5 inhibitors are listed as a primary pharmacological intervention for penile rehabilitation.
  • Vacuum erection devices are recommended as an adjunct option ('PDE5 inhibitors ± vacuum device').
  • This intervention is classified among 'high-value interventions' based on current guideline synthesis.
  • Psychosexual support within coordinated multidisciplinary care is recommended alongside pharmacological treatment for both sexes.

Fertility preservation through gamete cryopreservation is identified as a high-value intervention that should be addressed in perioperative surgical care.

  • Gamete cryopreservation is specifically named as the primary fertility preservation modality.
  • Fertility preservation is listed among 'high-value interventions' alongside penile rehabilitation and pelvic floor physiotherapy.
  • This recommendation is integrated into the proposed six-step perioperative algorithm as a discrete step.

Local estrogens, lubricants, and pelvic-floor physiotherapy are identified as high-value interventions for women experiencing sexual sequelae after surgery.

  • Three female-specific interventions are named: local estrogens, lubricants, and pelvic-floor physiotherapy.
  • These are categorized as 'high-value interventions' alongside male-specific and gender-neutral interventions.
  • Psychosexual support within coordinated multidisciplinary care is recommended for women as well as men.

A six-step perioperative algorithm for sexual and reproductive health is proposed and deemed feasible in Czech clinical practice.

  • The six steps are: education, risk stratification, fertility preservation, nerve-sparing techniques, discharge instructions, and 6–12-week follow-up.
  • The algorithm is described as 'feasible in Czech practice.'
  • Implementation is projected to improve 'functional outcomes and patient satisfaction.'
  • The algorithm is intended to be embedded into 'standard perioperative pathways.'

Multidisciplinary collaboration is identified as essential for delivering coordinated sexual and reproductive health care in surgical patients.

  • The paper calls for 'coordinated multidisciplinary care across both sexes.'
  • Multidisciplinary collaboration is emphasized as central to the paper's title and overarching conclusion.
  • The approach spans surgical, oncologic, physiotherapy, and psychosexual support disciplines.
  • Standardized perioperative pathways incorporating this collaboration are described as the mechanism for improving outcomes.

What This Means

This research suggests that surgery—particularly pelvic operations like colon resection, prostate removal, and bladder removal—can significantly affect a patient's sexual function and ability to have children, yet these concerns are routinely overlooked in surgical care. The authors reviewed current international guidelines and clinical evidence to identify why these problems occur (including nerve damage, changes in blood flow and hormones, scarring, and effects on body image) and what can be done about them. They found that effective, evidence-based treatments exist for both men and women, including medications and devices to help restore erectile function, hormone preparations and physical therapy to address female sexual symptoms, and sperm or egg freezing to protect fertility before surgery. The authors propose a practical six-step process that surgical teams can follow: informing patients before surgery, assessing individual risk, arranging fertility preservation when needed, using nerve-sparing surgical techniques where possible, providing clear instructions at discharge, and scheduling a follow-up appointment six to twelve weeks after surgery. This research suggests that integrating this checklist into routine surgical care—alongside collaboration between surgeons, oncologists, physiotherapists, and psychological support specialists—is achievable in Czech healthcare settings and can lead to better functional recovery and greater patient satisfaction. The broader implication is that sexual and reproductive wellbeing should be treated as a standard part of surgical care rather than an afterthought. This research suggests that when hospitals embed these concerns into their standard procedures and bring together teams of specialists to address them, patients who undergo high-risk pelvic surgeries can experience meaningfully better quality of life after their operations.

Have a question about this study?

Citation

Broul M, Hujová A, Maleček R, Vančo M, Banýrová J, Liegertová M. (2026). Sexual and reproductive health after surgical procedures - the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration.. Rozhledy v chirurgii : mesicnik Ceskoslovenske chirurgicke spolecnosti. https://doi.org/10.48095/ccrvch202662