Sexual Health

Sexual health and challenges among 15-89-year-old Danes with and without severe visual impairment: Baseline findings in a nationally representative cohort study.

TL;DR

The study underscores significant sexual health challenges among individuals with severe visual impairment, notably victimization (both genders) and unsafe sex (men), with additional findings of higher rates of same-sex sexual experiences and non-heterosexual identities among visually impaired women.

Key Findings

Men with severe visual impairment were significantly less likely to be sexually experienced compared to men without visual impairment.

  • Adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 0.52; 95% CI: 0.30-0.91
  • Analysis used demographically weighted, confounder-adjusted logistic regression
  • Sample included 631 participants with severe visual impairment and 60,482 without
  • Age range of participants was 15-89 years
  • Data sourced from a nationally representative cohort study on sexual health in the Danish population

Men with severe visual impairment were less likely to have been sexually active in the past year.

  • aOR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.51-0.99
  • Comparison made between 631 visually impaired and 60,482 non-visually impaired participants
  • Binary and polytomous logistic regression analyses were used
  • Finding was confounder-adjusted and demographically weighted

Men with severe visual impairment were less likely to rate their current sex life as good or very good.

  • aOR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.55-0.99
  • Outcome measured using self-reported ratings of current sex life quality
  • Analysis was confounder-adjusted and demographically weighted

Men with severe visual impairment were less likely to have masturbated in the past year.

  • aOR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.55-0.99
  • Masturbation assessed via self-report over a one-year recall period
  • Finding was confounder-adjusted and demographically weighted

Men with severe visual impairment were more likely to have had unsafe sex in the past year.

  • aOR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.13-2.31
  • Unsafe sex was assessed over a one-year recall period
  • This was identified as a notable sexual health challenge in the study
  • Finding was confounder-adjusted and demographically weighted

Men with severe visual impairment were more likely to have experienced sexual assault.

  • aOR: 2.34; 95% CI: 1.17-4.72
  • Sexual assault was assessed via self-report
  • This represents more than a doubling of the odds compared to men without severe visual impairment
  • Finding was confounder-adjusted and demographically weighted

Women with severe visual impairment were more likely to report sexual victimization.

  • aOR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.23-2.44
  • Sexual victimization was elevated in both men and women with severe visual impairment
  • Finding was confounder-adjusted and demographically weighted
  • Victimization was identified as a notable challenge across both genders

Women with severe visual impairment were more likely to report same-sex sexual experiences.

  • aOR: 1.83; 95% CI: 1.25-2.68
  • Same-sex sexual experiences were assessed via self-report
  • Finding was confounder-adjusted and demographically weighted
  • This pattern was not reported as statistically significant for men in the abstract

Women with severe visual impairment were more likely to identify as non-heterosexual.

  • aOR: 1.79; 95% CI: 1.24-2.58
  • Sexual identity was assessed via self-report
  • Finding was confounder-adjusted and demographically weighted
  • Higher rates of both same-sex experiences and non-heterosexual identity were observed specifically among visually impaired women

The study compared sexual health outcomes between 631 individuals with severe visual impairment and 60,482 individuals without severe visual impairment using a nationally representative Danish cohort.

  • Participants ranged in age from 15 to 89 years
  • Data were baseline findings from a nationally representative cohort study on sexual health in the Danish population
  • Binary and polytomous logistic regression analyses were used to generate demographically weighted, confounder-adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals
  • Multiple sexual health indicators were assessed including sexual experience, sexual activity, sex life satisfaction, masturbation, unsafe sex, sexual assault, same-sex experiences, and sexual identity

What This Means

This research suggests that people with severe visual impairment in Denmark face a range of sexual health challenges compared to those without visual impairment. The study drew on a large, nationally representative sample of over 61,000 Danes aged 15 to 89, comparing more than 600 people who reported severe visual impairment to over 60,000 who did not. The findings show that men with severe visual impairment were less sexually experienced, less sexually active, less satisfied with their sex lives, and less likely to masturbate than men without visual impairment. At the same time, they were more likely to have had unsafe sex and to have experienced sexual assault. Women with severe visual impairment were notably more likely to report sexual victimization, same-sex sexual experiences, and non-heterosexual identities compared to women without visual impairment. The elevated rates of sexual victimization among both men and women with severe visual impairment are a particularly concerning finding, suggesting this population may face greater vulnerability to sexual violence or coercion. The higher likelihood of unsafe sex among visually impaired men also points to a potential public health concern around sexual risk behaviors. Meanwhile, the lower rates of sexual activity and satisfaction among visually impaired men may reflect barriers related to social participation, relationship formation, or stigma. This research suggests that healthcare providers, rehabilitation services, and policymakers should be aware that severe visual impairment is associated with distinct and varied sexual health challenges. The findings highlight a need for targeted support, including education around sexual safety, accessible sexual health resources, and awareness of heightened victimization risk in this population. The study provides a foundation for future longitudinal research to better understand the causes and trajectories of these disparities over time.

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Citation

Graugaard C, Stentoft D, Andersson M, Frisch M. (2026). Sexual health and challenges among 15-89-year-old Danes with and without severe visual impairment: Baseline findings in a nationally representative cohort study.. Disability and health journal. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2025.102013