Sexual Health

Sexual health in cancer care: a narrative review and position statement from the Italian Association of Medical Oncology (AIOM).

TL;DR

Sexual dysfunction is often underestimated in cancer patients and survivors, and sexual health must be considered a main item in global quality-of-life evaluation, requiring a multidisciplinary and tailored approach for every patient.

Key Findings

Sexual dysfunction is frequently underestimated in cancer patients and survivors due to poor communication with healthcare providers and the belief that it is an inevitable consequence of disease and treatment.

  • A common belief exists among both patients and providers that sexual dysfunction is an unavoidable consequence of cancer and its treatment
  • Lack of communication with health care providers contributes to underestimation of the problem
  • The AIOM working group was specifically formed to address this gap in clinical practice
  • The review covers prevalence, available therapies, and dedicated treatment paths

Sexual health encompasses physical, psychological, and emotional dimensions and has received increased attention in oncology due to dramatically improved cancer survival rates.

  • Improved survival rates have shifted focus toward quality-of-life aspects including sexual health
  • Sexual health is described as consisting of 'physical, psychological, and emotional dimensions'
  • The review addresses sexual dysfunction in patients with cancer, treatment paradigms, and new available evidence
  • Oncological treatments can 'differently impact individuals with diverse sexual habits'

Discussion with patients about their sexual life allows clinicians to identify and treat potential disease and treatment complications, improving the doctor-patient relationship and overall well-being.

  • Proactive discussion on sexual life is recommended as part of standard oncological care
  • Early identification of sexual dysfunction enables earlier treatment of complications
  • The authors frame such discussion as promoting 'an improved doctor-patient relationship and overall well-being'
  • This narrative review was conducted by a dedicated AIOM working group

A multidisciplinary and tailored approach is recommended for managing sexual dysfunction in cancer patients, involving dedicated consultants when clinically indicated.

  • When clinically indicated, 'the specific problem should be discussed with a dedicated consultant'
  • The recommended approach is described as 'multidisciplinary and tailored' for every patient
  • Sexual health must be considered 'a main item in global quality-of-life evaluation'
  • The position statement was developed by the Italian Association of Medical Oncology (AIOM)

What This Means

This research suggests that sexual health problems are very common among cancer patients and survivors but are frequently overlooked in clinical care. Doctors and patients often avoid discussing sexual difficulties, partly because both groups may assume that such problems are simply an unavoidable side effect of having cancer or undergoing treatment. With many more people now surviving cancer for years or decades, the Italian Association of Medical Oncology (AIOM) convened a working group to review what is known about sexual dysfunction in cancer care, including how often it occurs, what treatments are available, and how care pathways can be improved. This research suggests that sexual health — which includes physical, emotional, and psychological components — should be treated as a core part of quality-of-life assessment for all cancer patients, not an afterthought. Different cancer treatments affect people differently depending on their individual circumstances and sexual practices, so a one-size-fits-all approach is inadequate. The review found that when oncologists proactively open conversations about sexual health, they are better able to detect and address complications from cancer and its treatment, and this also strengthens the overall relationship between doctors and patients. This research suggests that when a patient's sexual health problems are identified, those patients should ideally be referred to a dedicated specialist as part of a coordinated, team-based care approach. The paper's practical implication is a call for oncologists to routinely ask about and address sexual health, rather than waiting for patients to bring it up themselves, and to have referral pathways in place for more complex cases requiring specialist input.

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Citation

Rossi A, Leone A, Lambertini M, Sperti E, Cassani C, Vetromile A, et al.. (2025). Sexual health in cancer care: a narrative review and position statement from the Italian Association of Medical Oncology (AIOM).. ESMO open. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esmoop.2025.105311